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<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">global-journal-of-research-in-engineering-g-industrial-engineering</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Global Journal of Research in Engineering - G: Industrial Engineering</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn publication-format="print">0975-5861</issn>
<issn publication-format="electronic">2249-4596</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Global Journals Publishing Group Incorporated</publisher-name></publisher>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://globaljournals.org/journal-seo-export/jats/255303.xml" />
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<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34257/GJREG255303</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">255303</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Digital twin for bell-less top charging: accelerating blast furnace start-up and stability</article-title>
<subtitle>Digital Twin for Blast Furnace Bell-Less Charging</subtitle>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gardoni</surname><given-names>Ronaldo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1" />
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cotta</surname><given-names>Pedro</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2" />
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1">Brazil</aff>
<aff id="aff2">Primetals Technologies Brazil Ltda.</aff>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-06">
<day>06</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>9</lpage>
<abstract><p>Blast furnaces are central to pig iron production, where efficient operation directly impacts productivity, hot metal quality, and overall cost-effectiveness. A key factor in this performance is the charging system, which significantly influences furnace stability. This paper presents the development of a Digital twin for a new bell-less top charging system. The solution integrates the Rockwell process control system with the Siemens SIMIT simulation platform and Primetals Level 2 and Expert system. This Digital twin was used for testing, training, and scenario evaluation, contributing to a rapid and stable blast furnace start-up following relining.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author-generated">
<kwd>Digital twin</kwd>
<kwd>Bell-less top charging system</kwd>
<kwd>Siemens SIMIT</kwd>
<kwd>Rockwell supervision and control system</kwd>
</kwd-group>
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