This paper develops an integrated econometric and optimization framework to examine how capital structure and asset composition jointly influence firm performance through both profitability and liquidity dimensions. Unlike traditional compositional approaches, the model allows financial structure variables to vary independently without summation constraints, enabling more flexible and realistic estimation. Using a system of three profitability equations (ROA, ROE, ROI) and a liquidity equation based on the Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC), the study identifies structural trade-offs between performance dimensions. Empirical results reveal that receivables and inventory significantly enhance profitability but simultaneously deteriorate liquidity efficiency by extending the cash conversion cycle. Conversely, short-term liabilities reduce liquidity pressure by financing working capital externally. A multi-objective optimization function is constructed to jointly maximize profitability and minimize liquidity inefficiency. The results identify an optimal financial structure corridor characterized by moderate leverage, balanced working capital components, and controlled liquidity exposure. The findings contribute to financial management literature by introducing a dual-outcome modeling approach combined with non-compositional structural analysis and multi-objective optimization.