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<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">global-journal-of-research-in-engineering-e-civil-structural</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Global Journal of Research in Engineering - E: Civil &amp; Structural</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn publication-format="print">0975-5861</issn>
<issn publication-format="electronic">2249-4596</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Global Journals Publishing Group Incorporated</publisher-name></publisher>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://globaljournals.org/journal-seo-export/jats/277209.xml" />
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<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">277209</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Numerical Analysis of MHD Flow and Heat Transfer of Cu–Al₂O₃/Water Nanofluid over a Porous Stretching Surface with Effects of Thermal Radiation, Viscous Dissipation, Heat Generation, and Chemical Reaction</article-title>
<subtitle>MHD Hybrid Nanofluid over Stretching Porous Surface</subtitle>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Reddy</surname><given-names>K. Veera</given-names></name><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1073-7551</contrib-id><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1" />
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1">India, Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus</aff>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-21">
<day>21</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<abstract><p>This work explores the impact of thermal radiation and chemical reaction on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a hybrid nanofluid over a porous stretching surface. The proposed model incorporates key physical mechanisms, including viscous dissipation, internal heat generation, and resistance due to the porous medium. A nanofluid containing copper (Cu) and aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles dispersed in water is employed to improve heat transfer characteristics. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced to a set of coupled ordinary differential equations through appropriate similarity transformations. The transformed boundary value problem is then solved numerically using the shooting method along with the fourth-order Runge Kutta scheme. The effects of various physical parameters such as magnetic field intensity, thermal radiation, heat generation, chemical reaction, and nanoparticle volume fraction on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are examined. The findings indicate that higher magnetic field strength decreases fluid velocity while increasing temperature and concentration fields. Additionally, hybrid nanoparticles significantly enhance thermal performance compared to conventional nanofluids. The results are consistent with existing studies, confirming the reliability of the present analysis.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author-generated">
<kwd>chemical reaction</kwd>
<kwd>Hybrid nanofluids</kwd>
<kwd>MHD</kwd>
<kwd>porous media</kwd>
<kwd>skin-friction</kwd>
<kwd>thermal radiation</kwd>
</kwd-group>
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