Traditional upland rice farming systems in the Philippines reflect a dynamic interplay between cultural traditions, ecological adaptation, and gender-based divisions of labor. This study examined gendered roles in selected barangays across the municipalities of Cabatuan, Calinog, Janiuay, Lambunao, and Maasin, where traditional upland rice varieties (TURVs) continue to be cultivated, conserved, and culturally–affiliated. On-farm interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews were utilized to achieve the study objectives. A color-coded activity matrix was employed, in which blue cells indicated male-exclusive tasks, yellow cells represented female-exclusive tasks, green cells denoted shared responsibilities between men and women, and violet cells signified tasks not applicable within the community context. Findings revealed clear patterns of labor specialization across genders. Land preparation, fertilizer application, and pest management remain predominantly male-dominated due to their physical demands and technical requirements. In contrast, seed system management, sowing or planting, weeding, harvesting, and postharvest activities are largely shared by both genders. Women play an especially significant role in seed selection, storage, processing, and, in some cases, marketing – contributions that reinforce household food security and cultural continuity. Results also indicate that marketing of upland rice is limited or informal, reflecting the subsistence-oriented nature of traditional upland rice production and its central role in community identity. The study highlights the need to recognize gender inclusivity in agricultural research and development planning. Equitable participation not only strengthens household resilience but also sustains indigenous knowledge systems and supports culturally grounded interventions that align with the lived realities of upland farming communities.