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<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">global-journal-of-science-frontier-research-a-physics-space-science</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Global Journal of Science Frontier Research - A: Physics &amp; Space Science</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn publication-format="print">0975-5896</issn>
<issn publication-format="electronic">2249-4626</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Global Journals Publishing Group Incorporated</publisher-name></publisher>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://globaljournals.org/journal-seo-export/jats/58198.xml" />
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<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">58198</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>The Toroidal Fine-Structure of the Electron</article-title>
<subtitle>A Novel Torus Ring Description of the Electron</subtitle>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gryziecki</surname><given-names>Gene</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1" />
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1">UNITED STATES</aff>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-25">
<day>25</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<issue>A1</issue>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>8</lpage>
<abstract><p>Developments in physics in the past two decades have expanded the well-known mass-energy equation into a rigorous set of relations that provide the electric and magnetic finestructure and the volumetric structure of the electron as a closed-flux torus, all in agreement with 2018 Codata values. In light of these developments, the present communication questions the physical meaning of the Bohr radius and its implications -the Bohr-Heisenberg theory of the hydrogen atom and its description of an electron as a point-mass particle that only exists when its probability wave collapses.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author-generated">
<kwd>energy</kwd>
<kwd>electron</kwd>
<kwd>mass-energy</kwd>
<kwd>bohr radius</kwd>
<kwd>torus</kwd>
<kwd>wavelength</kwd>
<kwd>wavefunction.</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://globaljournals.org/GJSFR_Volume23/1-The-Toroidal-Fine-Structure.pdf" />
<self-uri content-type="html" xlink:href="https://globaljournals.org/scholarly-articles/the-toroidal-fine-structure-of-the-electron/" />
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<body>
<sec>
<title>Full Text</title>
<p>Developments in physics in the past two decades have expanded the well-known mass-energy equation into a rigorous set of relations that provide the electric and magnetic fine-structure and the volumetric structure of the electron as a closed-flux torus, all in agreement with 2018 Codata values. In light of these developments, the present communication questions the physical meaning of the Bohr radius and its implications â€“ the Bohr-Heisenberg theory of the hydrogen atom and its description of an electron as a point-mass particle that only exists when its probability wave collapses.</p>
</sec>
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</article>