Goal: Recognize the relevance of hospitalizations for musculoskeletal injuries due to accidents at work in Brazil. Methods: It is a retrospective epidemiological study, qualitative/quantitative with secondary data analysis and cross-sectional typology in the public databases of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, delivered by the Federal Government. Descriptors in health sciences: musculoskeletal injuries; accident at work; injuries due to accidents at work; workers; absenteeism. Results: In Brazil, during 2015 to 2020, there is evidence of a high number of accidents at work resulting in 65.9% of musculoskeletal injuries. The most affected age was between 30-39 years, the male gender corresponded to 63.3% of the cases, upper limb injuries were the most prevalent, and 36.1 billion were spent in aids.