This paper aims to analyze the effect of family capital on the professional integration of young graduates in Cameroon. From the contextual evolution of Cameroon and theoretical considerations, hypotheses are formulated. They are tested with structural equation models and log linear models applied to the EESI 1 and 2 surveys carried out in 2005 and 2010. It generally emerges that family capital through education contributes to influencing young people’s access to segments of the labor market: this is an indirect influence. In addition, due to their socioeconomic position, parents intervene in the professional integration of their children through a preferential choice oriented towards the modern sectors of the labor market (public and formal private sector): this is a direct influence. The influence of the family in the positioning of young people on the labor market increases with the level of education attained increasingly over the period. Policies that reduce the growing influence of parents in the most competitive sectors are needed.