The study focuses on gender inequality and women participation in Nigerian politics, it was discovered that traditional, socio-economic and political and cultural structures aid discrimination against women lead to law of contribution of women to social development. The finding shows that despite global effort to improve the poor condition of women through conventions and conferences such as CEDAW, MDGs, among others, gender discrimination has no abetted. Some of the main factors militating against women’s effective participation in politics are illiteracy, poverty, money politics, intimidation, harmful traditional practices, violence, cultural and religious barriers.