In Latin America, the essay becomes historical-cultural urgency. Its own historical conformation and its resilient momentum by not being an echo and copy of exogenous cultures determine a critical position before its reality and the alienation that accompanies it. The men of letters and their spiritual production become self-aware of the yearning for identity, with a vocation of American roots and an ecumenical spirit. The present work derives from the study of the work of Medardo Vitier , considered a representative of the critical systematization of Cuban philosophical thought, while carrying out a profuse study of the essay in Latin America. The present work delves into the analysis of the contribution of this author to the study of the essay in Latin America from the recognition of the cultural philosophical elan of his discourse towards a necessary ethnoeducation.