The article is dedicated to the analysis of the primary directions and mechanisms of transformation of moldovan migrant communities in European Union countries into the Moldovan diaspora. The authors identify, as primary mechanisms, the participation of moldovan migrants in the political and socio-economic processes of the country of origin; the development of the Moldovan communities' institutional potential; the policies of the Republic of Moldova for the consolidation of the Moldovan diaspora. The Moldovan diaspora plays an important role in the political life of the Republic of Moldova, actively participating in its electoral processes. Its participation in the origin country's economic life mainly comes down to monetary transfers. At the same time, among members of the diaspora there are those that desire to invest in business and development projects. Moldovan diaspora associations are active in most European Union countries. As per the results of sociological research, Moldovan migrants do not actively participate in the activity of diaspora organizations, which is tied to both qualitative and quantitative factors.