Intranasal Antifungal Therapy in Patients with Chronic Illness Associated with Mold and Mycotoxins: An Observational Analysis

Joseph Brewer; Dennis Hooper; Shalini Muralidhar

Intranasal Antifungal Therapy in Patients with Chronic Illness Associated with Mold and Mycotoxins: An Observational Analysis

Joseph Brewer * §

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Dennis Hooper

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Shalini Muralidhar

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§ St. Lukes Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri

Intranasal Antifungal Therapy in Patients with Chronic Illness Associated with Mold and Mycotoxins: An Observational Analysis

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Abstract

Exposure to mycotoxin producing mold and mycotoxins can be associated with numerous adverse health consequences. We previously reported that patients with chronic illness frequently had a history of prior exposure to water damaged buildings (WDB) and mold. Additionally, the vast majority of these patients had mycotoxins present in the urine. We have postulated that the mycotoxin producing molds were likely harbored internally in the sinuses of these patients. In the present analysis, patients with chronic illness and a positive urine mycotoxin assay were treated with intranasal antifungal therapy, either amphotericin B (AMB) or itraconazole (ITR). AMB was associated with local (nasal) irritation adverse effects (AE) in 34% of the cases, which resulted in discontinuation. In patients that remained on therapy without AE, we found that 94% improved clinically. Additionally, we found that the urine mycotoxin levels decreased substantially in patients that improved on therapy. Similar findings were seen with ITR, however the number of patients treated was much smaller.

References

12 Cites in Article

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Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

Data Availability

Not applicable for this article.

How to Cite This Article

Joseph Brewer, Dennis Hooper, Shalini Muralidhar. 2015. "Intranasal Antifungal Therapy in Patients with Chronic Illness Associated with Mold and Mycotoxins: An Observational Analysis". Global Journal of Medical Research - K: Interdisciplinary GJMR-K Volume 15 (GJMR Volume 15 Issue K2).

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Journal Specifications

Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/gjmr

Print ISSN 0975-5888

e-ISSN 2249-4618

Keywords

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Classification

GJMR-K Classification NLMC Code: QV 252

Submission ReceivedFebruary 5, 2015
Peer Review Double Blind
Handling Editor
Accepted March 3, 2015
Published March 15, 2015

Version of record

v1.2

Issue date

April 24, 2015

Language

English

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Article Matrices

Total Score: 173

Country: United States

Subject: Global Journal of Medical Research

Authors: Joseph Brewer, Dennis Hooper, Shalini Muralidhar (PhD/Dr. count: 0)

View Count (all-time): 319

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Publish Date: 2015 03, Sun

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