Monthly to Inter-decadal Rainfall Variability of the Southern Regional State of Ethiopia, Links with El Nino-Southern Oscillation

Solomon Gunta; Busnur Manjunatha; H. Gangadhara Bhat

Monthly to Inter-decadal Rainfall Variability of the Southern Regional State of Ethiopia, Links with El Nino-Southern Oscillation

Solomon Gunta * §

Contact

Busnur Manjunatha

Contact

H. Gangadhara Bhat

Contact

§ Mangalore University

Monthly to Inter-decadal Rainfall Variability of the Southern Regional State of Ethiopia, Links with El Nino-Southern Oscillation

Article Fingerprint

ReserarchID

JW10N

Monthly to Inter-decadal Rainfall Variability of the Southern Regional State of Ethiopia, Links with El Nino-Southern Oscillation Banner

AI TAKEAWAY

Connecting with the Eternal Ground

Abstract

In developing countries, such as, Ethiopia, rainfall is the crucial factor for determining Gross domestic product (GDP). In this study, different types of statistical analysis were performed to understand the reasons behind the rainfall variability from monthly to inter decadal levels during 1981 to 2017. With the exception to rainfall from December to March, although not statistically significant, increasing trends have been noticed during most of months. During the El Niño, a greater reduction in the summer season’s rainfall Kiremt (June to September) noticed, whereas, enhancement during the end of winter to spring season Belg (February to May) observed. In contrast, during La Nina an increasing trend observed for the Kiremt, but decreasing trend observed for both Belg and Bega (October to January). Most of these changes indicate the role of Tropical Pacific Ocean’s sea surface temperature (SST) coupled with atmospheric circulation regulating principally the rainfall of the study area.

References

62 Cites in Article

Reference Format

Duplan (1999). Mona Hatoum, Measures of Distance, 1988, 15:00; Ephraim Asili, Fluid Frontiers, 2017, 23:04; Kevin Jerome Everson, Lead, 2009, 3:00; Kevin Jerome Everson, Sportello Quattro, 2002, 6:00; Kevin Jerome Everson, Company Line, 2009, 30:00; Kevin Jerome Everson, Cinnamon, 2006, 1:10:00; Tony Cokes, 1!, 2004, 22:51; Ephraim Asili, Points on a Space Age, 2007, 32:42; Ephraim Asili, Kindah, 2016, 11:39.
Abiy Gebremichael,Shoeb Quraishi,Girma Mamo (2014). Analysis of Seasonal Rainfall Variability for Agricultural Water Resource Management in Southern Region , Ethiopia.
(2019). XLSTAT statistical and data analysis solution.
Ijaz Ahmad,Deshan Tang,Tianfang Wang,Mei Wang,Bakhtawar Wagan (2015). Precipitation Trends over Time Using Mann-Kendall and Spearman’s rho Tests in Swat River Basin, Pakistan.
Hasanain Al-Shamarti,K Hasanain (2016). The Variation of Annual Precipitation and Precipitation Concentration Index of Iraq.
Amogne Asfaw,Belay Simane,Ali Hassen,Amare Bantider (2017). Variability and time series trend analysis of rainfall and temperature in northcentral Ethiopia: A case study in Woleka sub-basin.
Elizabeth Bryan,T Temesgen,Glwadys Deressa,Claudia Gbetibouo,Ringler (2009). Adaptation to Climate Change in Ethiopia and South Africa : Options and Constraints.
Jimmy Byakatonda,B Parida,Piet Kenabatho,D Moalafhi (2018). Analysis of rainfall and temperature time series to detect long-term climatic trends and variability over semi-arid Botswana.
Mekonnen Degefu,Woldeamlak Bewket (2014). Variability and trends in rainfall amount and extreme event indices in the Omo-Ghibe River Basin, Ethiopia.
Mekonnen Degefu,David Rowell,Woldeamlak Bewket (2017). Teleconnections between Ethiopian rainfall variability and global SSTs: observations and methods for model evaluation.
Dereje Ayalew (2012). Variability of Rainfall and Its Current Trend in Amhara Region, Ethiopia.
G Diro,D Grimes,E Black (2011). Teleconnections between Ethiopian Summer Rainfall and Sea Surface Temperature: Part I-Observation and Modelling.
K Drapela,Drapelova (2011). Application of Mann-Kendall Test and the Sen's Slope Estimates for Trend Detection in Deposition Data from Bily Kriz (Beskydy Mts., the Czech Republic) 1997--2010.
Girma Eshetu,Tino Johansson,Wayessa Garedew,Tigist Yisihak (2018). Climate Variability and Small-Scale Farmer Adaptation Strategy in Setema-Gatira Area of Jimmaa.
(2007). Afghanistan National Capacity Needs Self-assessment for global environmental management (NCSA) and National Adaptation Programme of Action for climate change (NAPA) : final joint report / United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)..
Kassa Fekadu (2015). Ethiopian Seasonal Rainfall Variability and Prediction Using Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA).
C Funk,A Verdin,J Michaelsen,P Peterson,D Pedreros,G Husak (2015). A global satellite-assisted precipitation climatology.
Chris Funk,Pete Peterson,Martin Landsfeld,Diego Pedreros,James Verdin,Shraddhanand Shukla,Gregory Husak,James Rowland,Laura Harrison,Andrew Hoell,Joel Michaelsen (2015). The climate hazards infrared precipitation with stations—a new environmental record for monitoring extremes.
F Giorgi,G Mengistu,G T Diro (2012). Trend and Frequency of Drought over Ethiopia Using Observational and RegCM4 Driven Indices.
Eshetu Girma,Johansson Tino,Garedew Wayessa (2016). Rainfall trend and variability analysis in Setema-Gatira area of Jimma, Southwestern Ethiopia.
Milan Gocic,Slavisa Trajkovic (2013). Analysis of changes in meteorological variables using Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope estimator statistical tests in Serbia.
Milan Gocic,Slavisa Trajkovic (2014). Analysis of trends in reference evapotranspiration data in a humid climate.
Alemseged Haile,Ambro Tom Rientjes,Mekonnen Gieske,Gebremichael (2009). Rainfall Variability over Mountainous and Adjacent Lake Areas: The Case of Lake Tana Basin at the Source of the Blue Nile River.
Wondimtadiwos Hailesilassie,Gizawmengistu Tsidu (2015). Empirical statistical modeling of March-May rainfall prediction over southern nations, nationalities and people’s region of Ethiopia.
G Hewett,T Heard (1982). Systemic control of pig mange.
John Janowiak,Robert Joyce,Yelena Yarosh (2001). A Real–Time Global Half–Hourly Pixel–Resolution Infrared Dataset and Its Applications.
Mark Jury,Chris Funk (2013). Climatic trends over Ethiopia: regional signals and drivers.
Karmeshu Supervisor,Frederick Scatena,N Neha (2015). Trend Detection in Annual Temperature & Precipitation Using the Mann Kendall Test -A Case Study to Assess Climate Change on Select States in the Northeastern United States.
Diriba Korecha,Anthony Barnston (2007). Predictability of June–September Rainfall in Ethiopia.
M De Luis,J González-Hidalgo,M Brunetti,L Longares (2011). Precipitation concentration changes in Spain 1946–2005.
C Mcsweeney (2012). A Climate Trend Analysis of Ethiopia.
Pramod Meena,Deepak Khare,Rituraj Shukla,P Mishra (2015). Long Term Trend Analysis of Mega Cities in Northern India using Rainfall Data.
Thomas Minda,M Van Der Molen,Paul Struik,Marie Combe,Pedro Jiménez,Muhammad Khan,Jordi Vilà-Guerau De Arellano (2017). The combined effect of elevation and meteorology on potato crop dynamics: a 10-year study in the Gamo Highlands, Ethiopia.
Emmanuel Mpeta,Jonathan (2002). Mechanisms OfInter-Annual Rainfall Variability over Tropical Highlands of Africa and Its Predictability Potential.
Shepherd Muchuru,Godwell Nhamo (2019). Sustaining African Water Resources under Climate Change : Emerging Adaptation Measures from UNFCCC National Communications.
Gulilat Diro,D I F Tefera,Grimes,Black (2011). Multiscale Streamflow Variability Associated with El Niño/Southern Oscillation.
Messay Mulugeta,Degefa Tolossa,Gezahegn Abebe (2017). Description of long-term climate data in Eastern and Southeastern Ethiopia.
Cosmo Ngongondo,Chong-Yu Xu,Lars Gottschalk,Berhanu Alemaw (2011). Evaluation of spatial and temporal characteristics of rainfall in Malawi: a case of data scarce region.
Vahid Nourani,Ali Danandeh Mehr,Narges Azad (2018). Trend analysis of hydroclimatological variables in Urmia lake basin using hybrid wavelet Mann–Kendall and Şen tests.
John Oliver,John Oliver (2010). MONTHLY PRECIPITATION DISTRIBUTION: A COMPARATIVE INDEX.
Turgay Partal,Ercan Kahya (2006). Trend Analysis in Turkish Precipitation Data.
N Patel,P Chopra,V K Dadhwal (2007). Analyzing spatial patterns of meteorological drought using standardized precipitation index.
Region,Abiy Southern,Shoeb Gebremichael,Girma Quraishi,Mamo (2014). Analysis of Seasonal Rainfall Variability for Agricultural Water Resource Analysis of Seasonal Rainfall Variability for Agricultural Water Resource Management in Southern Region , Ethiopia Coefficient of Variation Inter Tropical Convergence Zone Length of Growing Period.
S Nandargi,K Aman (2018). Precipitation Concentration Changes over India during 1951 to 2015.
Claudia Sangüesa (2018). Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Rainfall Concentration Using the Gini Index and PCI.
Yilma Seleshi,G Demaree (1995). Rainfall Variability in the Ethiopian and Eritrean Highlands and its Links with the Southern Oscillation Index.
Yilma Seleshi,Ulrich Zanke (2004). Recent changes in rainfall and rainy days in Ethiopia.
Dula Shanko,Pierre Camberlin (1998). The effects of the Southwest Indian Ocean tropical cyclones on Ethiopian drought.
Richarde Da Silva,Celso Santos,Madalena Moreira,João Corte-Real,Valeriano Silva,Isabella Medeiros (2015). Rainfall and river flow trends using Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator statistical tests in the Cobres River basin.
Changku Sun,Xiaohui Wang,An Ji,Longtu Li (2011). Low-Temperature Sintering of Negative-Positive-Zero-Type Temperature-Stable Ceramics with ZnO-B2O3 Flux and SrCO3 Additive.
Hossein Tabari,Parisa Hosseinzadeh Talaee (2011). Recent trends of mean maximum and minimum air temperatures in the western half of Iran.
Mefekir Tessema,Addisu Atnafe,Simon Tora,Amare Bantider,Ergado Shure (2017). Trend analysis of climate change and effect of climate-smart agricultural practices: the case of Humbo Woreda, Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia.
Carolien Toté,Domingos Patricio,Hendrik Boogaard,Raymond Van Der Wijngaart,Elena Tarnavsky,Chris Funk (2015). Evaluation of Satellite Rainfall Estimates for Drought and Flood Monitoring in Mozambique.
Getenet Urgessa,Kebede (2013). Spatial and Temporal Uncertainty of Rainfall in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas of Ethiopia.
Valli,Kotapati Manickam,Iyyanki V Murali Shanti Sree,Krishna (2013). Analysis of Precipitation Concentration Index and Rainfall Prediction in Various Agro-Climatic Zones of Andhra Pradesh , India.
James Verdin,Chris Funk,Gabriel Senay,Richard Choularton (2005). Climate science and famine early warning.
Ellen Viste,Asgeir Sorteberg (2013). Moisture Transport into the Ethiopian Highlands.
Negash Wagesho (2016). Climate Change and Variability Effects on Maize (Zea Mays L) Production, and Farmers Perception in Halaba zone, Southern Ethiopia.
Getahun Wodaje,Zewdu Garedew,Mekuria Eshetu,Argaw (2016). Temporal and Spatial Variability of Rainfall Distribution and Evapotranspiration across Altitudinal Gradient in the Bilate River Watershed, Southern Ethiopia.
Tsegay Wolde-Georgis,Amanuel Gebru,Yosef Kinfe,Kibret Bahiru (1997). Ethiopia.
Hong Wu,Mark Svoboda,Michael Hayes,Donald Wilhite,Fujiang Wen (2006). Appropriate application of the standardized precipitation index in arid locations and dry seasons.
Ligang Xu (2015). Precipitation Trends and Variability from 1950 to 2000 in Arid Lands of Central Asia.

Download References

Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

Data Availability

Not applicable for this article.

How to Cite This Article

Solomon Gunta, Busnur Manjunatha, H. Gangadhara Bhat. 2019. "Monthly to Inter-decadal Rainfall Variability of the Southern Regional State of Ethiopia, Links with El Nino-Southern Oscillation". Global Journal of Science Frontier Research - H: Environment & Environmental geology GJSFR-H Volume 19 (GJSFR Volume 19 Issue H2).

More Citation Formats

Select Citation Style:

Download Citation

GJSFR Volume 19 Issue H2

Explore Journals Explore Volume Read This Issue

Journal Specifications

Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJSFR

Print ISSN 0975-5896

e-ISSN 2249-4626

Keywords

Not Found

Classification

GJSFR-H Classification FOR Code: 040699

Submission ReceivedMay 10, 2019
Peer Review Double Blind
Handling Editor
Accepted June 8, 2019
Published June 23, 2019

Version of record

v1.2

Issue date

July 23, 2019

Language

English

Experiance in AR

Explore published articles in an immersive Augmented Reality environment. Our platform converts research papers into interactive 3D books, allowing readers to view and interact with content using AR and VR compatible devices.

View in VR

Read in 3D

Your published article is automatically converted into a realistic 3D book. Flip through pages and read research papers in a more engaging and interactive format.

View in 3D

Article Matrices

Total Score: 117

Country: Ethiopia

Subject: Global Journal of Science Frontier Research

Authors: Solomon Gunta, Busnur Manjunatha, H. Gangadhara Bhat (PhD/Dr. count: 0)

View Count (all-time): 236

Total Views (Real + Logic): 827

Total Downloads (simulated): 55

Publish Date: 2019 06, Sun

Monthly Totals (Real + Logic):

Month 1: 57 views
Month 2: 43 views
Month 3: 33 views
Month 4: 60 views
Month 5: 60 views
Month 6: 24 views
Month 7: 31 views
Month 8: 30 views
Month 9: 31 views
Month 10: 34 views
Month 11: 45 views
Month 12: 31 views
Month 13: 36 views
Month 14: 30 views
Month 15: 26 views
Month 16: 30 views
Month 17: 41 views
Month 18: 32 views
Month 19: 38 views
Month 20: 41 views
Month 21: 29 views
Month 22: 37 views
Month 23: 32 views
Month 24: 29 views
Month 25: 38 views
Month 26: 27 views
Month 27: 30 views
Month 28: 20 views
Month 29: 28 views
Month 30: 34 views
Month 31: 27 views
Month 32: 17 views
Month 33: 36 views
Month 34: 31 views
Month 35: 47 views
Month 36: 31 views
Month 37: 17 views
Month 38: 40 views
Month 39: 22 views
Month 40: 46 views
Month 41: 32 views
Month 42: 23 views
Month 43: 21 views
Month 44: 23 views
Month 45: 30 views
Month 46: 41 views
Month 47: 31 views
Month 48: 32 views
Month 49: 26 views
Month 50: 26 views
Month 51: 16 views
Month 52: 18 views
Month 53: 34 views
Month 54: 15 views
Month 55: 27 views
Month 56: 28 views
Month 57: 22 views
Month 58: 19 views
Month 59: 40 views
Month 60: 26 views
Month 61: 42 views
Month 62: 32 views
Month 63: 37 views
Month 64: 32 views
Month 65: 23 views
Month 66: 27 views
Month 67: 44 views
Month 68: 46 views
Month 69: 26 views
Month 70: 25 views
Month 71: 29 views
Month 72: 19 views
Month 73: 11 views
Month 74: 33 views
Month 75: 26 views
Month 76: 42 views
Month 77: 40 views
Month 78: 15 views
Month 79: 60 views
Month 80: 48 views
Month 81: 45 views
Month 82: 38 views
Month 83: 27 views
Month 84: 14 views
Month 85: 33 views
Month 86: 50 views
Month 87: 29 views
Month 88: 19 views

Total Views: 827

Total Downloads: 55

All Trends