On the Invalidity of the Hawking-Penrose Singularity aTheoremsa and Acceleration of the Universe from Negative Cosmological Constant

Stephen Crothers

On the Invalidity of the Hawking-Penrose Singularity aTheoremsa and Acceleration of the Universe from Negative Cosmological Constant

Stephen Crothers * §

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§ Alpha Institute of Advanced Study

On the Invalidity of the Hawking-Penrose Singularity aTheoremsa and Acceleration of the Universe from Negative Cosmological Constant

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Abstract

Hawking and Penrose proposed “A new theorem on spacetime singularities … which largely incorporates and generalizes the previously know results” which they claimed “implies that space-time singularities are to be expected if either the universe is spatially closed or there is an ‘object’ undergoing relativistic gravitational collapse (existence of a trapped surface)” and that their ‘Theorem’ applies if four certain physical conditions are satisfied. Hartle, Hawking and Hertog have proposed a quantum state with wave function for the Universe which they assert “raises the possibility that even fundamental theories with a negative cosmological constant can be consistent with our low-energy observations of a classical, accelerating universe.” They also relate this concept to string cosmology. It is however proven in this paper that the Hawking-Penrose Singularity ‘Theorem’ and accelerated expansion of the Universe with negative Λ are invalid because they are based upon demonstrably false foundations relating to Einstein’s field equations, trapped surfaces, and the cosmological constant.

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Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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How to Cite This Article

Stephen Crothers. 1970. "On the Invalidity of the Hawking-Penrose Singularity aTheoremsa and Acceleration of the Universe from Negative Cosmological Constant". Global Journal of Science Frontier Research - A: Physics & Space Science GJSFR-A Volume 13 (GJSFR Volume 13 Issue A4).

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Journal Specifications

Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJSFR

Print ISSN 0975-5896

e-ISSN 2249-4626

Keywords

conservation of energy and momentu Einstein’s field equations hawking-penrose singularity theorem negative cosmological constant trapped surface

Classification

GJSFR-A Classification FOR Code: 010599

Submission ReceivedApril 19, 2013
Peer Review Double Blind
Handling Editor
Accepted May 13, 2013
Published May 23, 2013

Version of record

v1.2

Language

English

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Total Score: 175

Country: Australia

Subject: Global Journal of Science Frontier Research

Authors: Stephen J. Crothers (PhD/Dr. count: 0)

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Publish Date: 2013 05, Thu

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