I. INSTRUCTION

What is the subject complement in Chinese? This is the most primary question of theoretical inquiry. In fact, the language phenomenon of subject complement in Chinese had matured as early as the Western Han Dynasty. Therefore, let's take a look at some traditional examples, such as "破秦军" and "伤楚共王目" in the sentences of "李牧|击||破秦军"(史记·廉颇蔺相如列传)and "晋|射||伤楚共王目"(史记·郑世家). Compared with the examples in modern Chinese, such as the above mentioned "赢了球" in the sentence "我们|打||赢了球", it is rather clear that the very language phenomenon of ancient and modern times reveals exactly the same. However, due to the lack of structural and morphological changes in Chinese syntax, and the hierarchical attributes remain under cover, therefore the language structure of Chinese will inevitably be misjudged or misunderstood. A very typical example is the sentence "我们|打||赢了球" mentioned in the Abstract above. Since the logical relationship of "赢" points to "我们" as a subject of the sentence and the sentence is from the book whose editors-in-chief are both famous professors. They made it clear that "The winner is the subject '我们'" as mentioned above. In other words, "我们" and "赢" constitute the subject-predicate relationship of logical category, which means that "赢" is clearly the component of the subject complement.

But It is very regrettable that since the word "赢" in the sentence has confirmed that "the winner is the subject '我们'" and is a statement to the subject rather than a supplement to the predicate '打', that is to say, "赢" is the subject complement that conforms to the grammatical rules. The conclusion of actual judgment, however, is classified as the "result complement" of the predicate. Therefore, the very language phenomenon of Chinese subject complement is wrongly judged and then the opportunity to find the subject complement is missed by the Chinese academic circle.

It is because the paper "汉语的"兼语式"并非兼语" (2) that demonstrates with detailed factual evidence the grammatical identity of object complement proposed by the older generation in the academic circles in the 1920s and then we can see the objective existence of Chinese subject complement phenomenon. For example, the verb "饮" in the sentence "羽因留沛公饮" (汉书·高帝纪), leads to the banquet scene of the host and guest drinking together. The original word "饮" as the object complement, that is, it is traditionally referred to as the predicate of "兼语". However, it is obvious that the logical relationship of the object complement also points to the subject "羽", which constitutes the subject-predicate relationship of the logical category as well. The following language examples are more explicit and typical:

1 经济学家韩志国批评证监会,刘士余 | 邀其 || 共进午餐。(中华网·经济频道)

2 师傅 | 邀芒儿 || 一起去。(陈忠实·白鹿原)

3 齐德学校刘洪斌校长在学校餐厅邀请"幸运学生"||一起共进午餐。(山东校园联盟·新闻)

4 鹿子霖忙给白嘉轩让坐位,他 | 早晨曾请他 || 和自己一起主持这个集会。(陈忠实·白鹿原)

The adverbials "共" and "一起" in the above example sentences, as grammatical evidence, more directly and definitely display that the predicate verbs are plural. For example, sentences 1 and 3 show that both the subject and object "共进午餐". In other words, "进午餐" not only acts as the "谓语" traditionally known as "兼语式", that is, the object complement described in this paper, but also acts as the subject complement reasonably and in accordance with the rules of grammar. Because the subject and "进午餐" also have a significant and objective subject-predicate relationship in the logical category. In the sentence example 4, the subject of the whole sentence "他" (鹿子霖) "早晨曾请他(白嘉轩)和自己一起主持这个集会", that is to say, the syntactic expression of the subject and object jointly "主持这个集会", can no longer be clear.

Even in the sentences as so-called "兼语句", there is no participation of words such as "共, 共同, 一起, 一同, 一道", etc., in which the predicate verb "吃" as below is also plural:

他请我吃饭。He asked me to dine with him. ("远东英汉大辞典")

There is no doubt that "他" of the above subject also participated in "吃饭" customarily, as evidenced by the accurate bilingual examples of experts.

It is precisely because the grammatical identity of the object complement has been verified, the emergence of the subject complement has become an inevitable result. In other words, if we convert the sentence containing object complement, that is, the "兼语句" affirmed by traditional Chinese scholars, into a passive sentence, then the subject complement will stand in it. For example,

我请你来,就是为这个人的事。(老舍·四世同堂) If you change it to a passive sentence, you have the following one:

你被我请来,就是为这个人的事。

It is obvious that the verb "来", which was originally used as the object complement---but traditionally referred to as a pivot '兼语', turns into the sentence component of the subject complement. And another example:

大太太扯着天津腔,叫他去挑水。(老舍·骆驼祥子) Its passive sentence is,

他被大太太扯着天津腔,叫去挑水。

Therefore, the original object complement, that is, the predicate "挑水" of the traditional "兼语", has become the subject complement definitely. In addition,

他本想一言不发,可是酒力催着他开开口。(老舍·四世同堂) Its passive sentence is as below,

他本想一言不发,可是他被酒力催着开开口。

Obviously, "开口口" turns from the object complement to the subject complement. And,

。(ditto)After changing it to a passive sentence,

你们被中国人教会了作旧诗。

Similarly, "作旧诗" has turned into an impeccable subject complement. The passive transformation of the sentence pattern of "兼语" reveals the reality of the subject complement; And it also proves that the identification of "兼语" structure is obviously unreasonable: the "兼语" originally used as the object has now reached the position of the subject, can it still be called "兼语"? And what is the real grammatical meaning of "兼语"?

In fact, even in the so called "兼语句" without artificial passive conversion, the natural language form of the subject complement exists objectively as shown in the following bold words:

每个人被逼着发出最后的吼声。(田汉·义勇军进行曲)

金狗也是被邀请列席的。(贾平凹·浮躁)

客人就直接请进屋里。(霍达·穆斯林的葬礼)

我也被命令面壁而立。(季羡林·牛棚杂忆) As for the method of argument, we might as well adopt the "exclusive method" of option argument, that is, to exclude the real existence of subject complement in Chinese and face various possibilities of other options. The author here is intended to be careful to verify, so as not to be subjective and arbitrary. But in fact, there is no reasonable option that can be used as the object of argument, or as a reference for argument.

Therefore, it is needless to say that the language phenomenon of subject complement in Chinese, like object complement, is undoubtedly the objective existence of Chinese sentence components.

II. SYNTACTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHINESE SUBJECT COMPLEMENT

Since the language phenomenon of subject complement exists objectively, it is necessary to show the structural characteristics of its sentence in order to better understand and reveal its objective syntactic connotation.

Subject complement, as the name suggests, is a sentence component used to supplement and explain the subject. In fact, it is always at the lower level of the predicate verb, and constitutes the logical relationship of subject-predicate with the subject. However, before clarifying the structural connotation of subject complement and facing the existing definition of subject-predicate relationship in Chinese, it is necessary to involve it here. The purpose is to clarify the traditional definition with grammatical defect. Since this definition relates to the basic structure of Chinese sentences i.e., the theoretical basis of analysis and judgment including subject complement.

In the traditional definition of subject-predicate relationship in Chinese grammar category, most of the existing college textbooks have similar expressions: " It consists of two parts, the former being stated, followed by the stating part, and the relationship between the two parts is the relationship of being stated and stating, i.e. the subject-predicate relationship." [3] We notice that in this definition of "subject-predicate relationship", the basis of the judgment is just only "the relationship between the two parts is the relationship of being stated and stating". That is to say, there is only one single logical relationship, but no grammatical rule to judge the "subject-predicate relationship" of the grammatical category at all. Therefore, the essence of the above definition of "subject-predicate relationship" with grammatical defect is only the subject-predicate relationship of a logical category, for it does not include any grammatical rules. This conclusion is determined by the causal relationship of thinking logic, i.e., so-called "plant melons and you get melons, sow beans and you get beans". If the very definition of "subject-predicate relationship" is used as the basis for the analyzing and judgment of grammatical categories, it is bound to bring misjudgment and misleading. For example, objectively, it has led to the emergence and spread of the false concept "兼语式". In the article "On the Grammatical Position of Chinese Hierarchical Attributes in Syntactic Analysis" [4], the author has clarified the definition of subject-predicate relationship in Chinese grammatical category, that is, the two parts preceding and subsequent of the same hierarchical attributes and between the two, there is a logical relationship of being stated and stating. Such conceptual attributes are based on the objective grammatical components of Chinese, that is, hierarchical attributes. This is equally crucial and indispensable to the scientific definition of the subject complement.

a) Definition of the Subject Complement

In the above of this article, the author has listed some common examples of the subject complement. The subject complement always appears at the lower level of the predicate verb, which is used to supplement the attribute of the subject or changes, results affected by the expression of the predicate verb. For example, in the sentence "藤枝 | 刺眼 || 新" (杜甫·奉陪郑驸马韦曲二首), the word "新" at the lower level of the predicate verb, is expressing a completely new outlook of "藤枝" under the bright spring sunshine, so glittering that "藤枝" are looking "刺眼". Obviously, the verb "新" indicating the change here, is used to state "藤枝" as its logical subject at the lower level of the predicate verb, which constitutes the logical relationship of stating and being stated with the subject. And so it acts as the component of subject complement in the sentence. Moreover, because the concept of the verb "刺" does not have any objective connotation of "新" at all, the word "新" cannot modify the predicate verb "刺" and form the result supplement of the predicate verb. Other examples, such as:

"真不错" in this sentence states its logical subject "这首诗" at the lower level of the predicate verb "写". Obviously, "真不错" is not used to modify the action or behavior of "写", while its logical object it states directly points to the subject "这首诗". But the subject is not at the same level as "真不错", which is the core syntax elements of the subject complement.

Now we can define the subject complement, that is, the subject complement is located at the lower level of the predicate verb, and to supplement the subject's nature, change or result affected by the expression of the predicate verb. And the subject and the subject complement constitute the subject-predicate relationship of logical category. It can be seen from the definition above that the subject complement and the subject as sentence components are not at the same subject-predicate level, which is the objective hierarchical attribute of the subject complement, i.e., the grammatical component. And the second is that the subject and the subject complement constitute the logical relationship being stated and stating, which is the logical characteristic of the subject complement. It is because the subject and subject complement are not at the same hierarchical attribute; otherwise, according to the traditional definition of subject-predicate relationship, it will certainly become the grammatical category of the subject-predicate relationship. For the subject and subject complement just have the relationship of logical relationship. In this way, the subject-predicate relationship between grammatical categories and logical categories in Chinese will be confused, and syntactic analysis will lose the criterion in confirmation.

b) The Decisive Elements of Subject

According to the definition above, the judgment of the subject complement needs to be made according to the core connotation of its definition, and the first thing is the grammatical elements.

i. The Syntactic Level of the Subject Complement

According to the definition of subject complement, "the subject complement is located at the lower level of the predicate verb, to supplement the subject's nature, change or result affected by the expression of the predicate verb." That is to say, if we want to determine the composition of the subject complement, we just need to analyze and focus on the language content after the predicate verb, i.e., whether there is a sentence component to supplement the subject after the symbol "||":

1他洗了很多衣服,(他)|洗得||满头大汗。(胡裕树·现代汉语)

2 他|洗得||满地是水。(ditto)

3 我们|打||赢了球。(黄伯荣 廖旭东·现代汉语)

4 我们|打|完了球。(ditto)

5 头发|抹得||光滑透亮。(余华·活着)

6 苏小姐|慌得||松了手。(钱钟书·围城)

7两只眼|瞪得||溜溜圆。(莫言·蛙)

8 大奶奶|老得||像那些传说中的"老娘婆"一样了。(ditto)

Obviously, the predicate verbs in the sentences 1 and 2 above are all "洗", but in the structure of 1 after "洗", the logical pointing of the expression of "满头大汗" is "他" as the subject, so it fully meets the requirements of the definition and constitutes the sentence component of the subject complement in the sentence. But the logical direction of "满地是水" after the symbol "||" in example 2 is obviously the verb "洗", which is the result of supplementary explanation of "洗", that is, the traditional predicate complement.

In the examples 3 and (4) above, the structural composition after the verb "打" is completely different. The logical pointing of "赢了球" in 3 is clearly the subject "我们", so it is the subject complement. While the logical direction of "完" after the symbol "||" in example 4 is the action of "打" and "完" means the action of "打" has been completed. And so "完" is the traditional predicate complement.

The component "光滑透亮" after the predicate verb in the example 5 indicates the characteristics of "头发" affected by the expression of the verb "抹", which is obviously used to supplement the sentence component of the subject. Therefore, "光滑透亮" meets the requirements of the definition and is the subject complement rather than the predicate complement.

The logical pointing of "松了手" in example 6 is undoubtedly the subject "苏小姐", to supplement the fact that "苏小姐"--- "松了手" because of the change affected by the verb "慌" of the predicate. Therefore, the cause and effect are clear, it is "苏小姐" who "松了手", not "慌" which "松了手". So clearly, "松了手" is the subject complement.

The description of "溜溜圆" after the symbol "||" in example 7 is fully in line with the definition, that is," to supplement the subject's nature, change or result affected by the expression of the predicate verb. And the subject and the subject complement constitute the subject-predicate relationship of the logical category". Obviously,"溜溜圆" is a supplementary description affected by the expression of the predicate verb "瞪", and therefore is a subject complement.

The sentence component in the comparative structure of "像那些传说中的'老娘婆'一样了" in example 8 is obviously a supplement at the lower level of the predicate to show that the subject "大奶奶" is influenced by the expression "老" and presents the historical background indicated in the above comparative structure, so it is the subject complement. Moreover, the lexical meaning of the word "老" does not have the epoch information contained in the comparative structure "像那些传说中的". And so the logical pointing of the description can only be the subject "大奶奶".

ii. The Logical Pointing of Subject Complement

The syntactic elements of the subject complement in the previous subsection may also be controversial. For example, "溜溜圆" in the sentence "两只眼 | 瞪得 || 溜溜圆" in example 7 above, some people will certainly think that the traditional judgment as a predicate complement is more appropriate, since "溜溜圆" is a direct result of the predicate verb "瞪". It seems quite convincing. However, we believe that the determination of sentence components cannot be limited to a certain point, but should be the result of the comprehensive analysis and judgment of various elements, that is, the so-called "holographic positioning".

So we might as well analyze the above "溜溜圆" from the perspective of its objective logical pointing: is it the result of modifying "瞪"? So what is the result of "瞪"? —— Clearly, it is "两只眼"---"溜溜圆". This fully proves that "溜溜圆" describes the subject "两只眼", which is objective and direct. It goes without saying that there is an obvious logical relationship between "溜溜圆" and the subject "两只眼". In other words, the above-mentioned hierarchical attribute of subject complement, combined with the perspective of the logical pointing in this section, adequately shows that "溜溜圆" fully meets the definition requirements of subject complement. As other examples, the following sentences contain their subject complement:

1 万口,这名字 | 起得 || 真好!(莫言·蛙)

2 我 | 活得 || 依然沉静如初。(陈忠实·白鹿原)

3 (金鱼) | 养得 || 肥大撩人。(安妮宝贝·素年锦时)

4 嘉轩和母亲 | 全都急 || 傻了。(陈忠实·白鹿原)

5 那些男学生 | 看得 || 心头起火。(钱钟书·围城)

6 荷叶 | 已经蔓延得 || 遮蔽了半个池塘。(季羡林·我的人生感悟)

7 你肥得像头猪,你老板肥得像口大炖锅。(王晓方·白道) In the above example 1, the apposition "万口, 这名字" acts as the subject, and the logical pointing of the later "真好" is obviously the subject, not the verb "起". However, some people may also think that it points to "起". So we can't help asking, what's the basis of praise "真好", or more accurately, what's the prerequisite for getting praise? Objectively speaking, the answer should be the quality level of the subject "万口, 这名字". Otherwise, if a common name is not impressive, it surely loses the premise of being praised, and so the praise "真好" will no longer exist. In other words, the target of praising "真好" is directed at the subject "万口, 这名字".

In the above example 2, the object stated by "依然沉静如初" after the predicate points definitely to the subject "I" rather than "活得".

In example 3 above, "肥大撩人" shows the fat and lovely appearance of the subject "金鱼", and is used to express the result of the subject "金鱼" affected by the predicate verb "养". That is to say, the object described as "肥大撩人" is "金鱼" that serves as the subject, not the predicate verb "养". And therefore "肥大撩人" is the subject complement in the sentence.

The logical pointing of "傻" In example 4 above, is the result of the subject "嘉轩和母亲", due to the negative impact of the predicate "急". Therefore, the subject "嘉轩和母亲" and "傻" constitute the subject-predicate relationship of the logical category. Obviously, "傻" is the subject complement.

Needless to say, in sentences (5), (6) and (7), the logical pointing of the sentence components after the predicate is also the subject, which is the logical feature of the subject complement.

Similarly, one of the elements determining the subject complement in English is also its logical pointing, such as the components in bold in the following sentences:

Your idea sounds great.

The flowers smell sweet.

They married young.

The logical pointing of the adjectives great, sweet, and young in the above example sentence are all their subjects rather than predicates; and since adjectives cannot modify predicate verbs, they are universally accepted as subject complements.

It goes without saying that the logical relationship of subject complement directly points to the subject of the sentence, which just shows that the subject is the logical subject of subject complement, that is, they have the subject-predicate relationship of logical category.

iii. The Structural Auxiliary Word "得" of Subject Complement

As we all know, Chinese scholars believe that the structural auxiliary "得" is the symbol of "complement", that is, the symbol of the traditional predicate complement, because this is the only complement recognized by the academic circles at that time. But in fact, the auxiliary word "得" is also the grammatical sign of subject complement, such are as follows:

这个口号 | 提得 || 正确,提得 || 及时,提得 || 响亮,提得 || 明白。(季羡林·我的人生感悟)

Since the auxiliary word "得" is not only the sign of predicate complement, but also the sign of subject complement, and how to distinguish these two different categories?

In fact, as complements, they are behind the central word and supplement the central word in front. As long as to find out the different logical relationship between the two: the relationship between the subject and the subject complement is to be stated and to state; the relationship between the predicate and the predicate complement is to be modified and to modify. And then it is not difficult to distinguish between the two. Such as the following:

The logical pointing of the complement "多" after "得" in the above example 1 is obviously the predicate "要紧" rather than the subject "人家终身大事". And so "多" here as an adverb is the predicate complement to modify the adjective "要紧".

The complement of example 2 "圆如太极的肥脸上泛出黄油" and the subject "诗人" constitute the logical relationship of stating and being stated. And so the auxiliary word "得" in this sentence is the sign of the subject complement.

The complement "离奇" after "得" in example 3 is obviously a modifier of the predicate "少". So "离奇" is the predicate complement.

The complement in example4, "彻夜难眠" evidently states its logical subject "我", so it is a subject complement. In example 5, the complement "鸟笼子嘭嘭响" after "得" in the sentence certainly cannot form a subject- predicate relationship in the logical category with the subject "焦躁的画眉", so the complement here is only the modifier of the predicate "碰撞", that is, the predicate complement.

In example 6, the component "猴子摘桃一样" after "得" has a logical relationship to state and to being stated with the subject "你", so this comparative structure "猴子摘桃一样" is the subject complement

Obviously, whether the complement after the structural auxiliary word "得" is a predicate complement or a subject complement depends on the direction of the logical relationship: the predicate complement points to the predicate and the subject complement points to the subject.

III. BASIC TYPES OF THE SUBJECT COMPLEMENT

The subject complement of the Chinese language has a diversity of constituent types. This article analyzes the basic types of subject complements based on the interrelationship between the subject and predicate of the sentence, and between the subject and object. From the perspective of subject and predicate of a sentence, Chinese subject complement can be divided into agent subject complement, patient subject complement and subject-object common complement.

But no matter in the active or passive voice, the logical relationship of subject complement always points to the subject of the sentence, not the predicate. However, when the predicate verb of the sentence is acted by causative verbs, the subject complement of Chinese can show the unique structural form of the Chinese language, such as the subject complement "入市" in the sentence "公子引车入市" (史记·魏公子列传). Distinctly, since "引车入市" is guided by the agent "公子", its logical relationship naturally points to the "公子" as the subject. However, the traditional view of Chinese scholars holds that "入市" is just the predicate of "车" acted as "兼语". Therefore, the logical relationship of "入市" here is bound to point to "车" as "兼语". In fact, we have no objection that the logical relationship of "入市" points to "车" as "兼语", but think that "入市" is only an object complement (same as [2]). In other words, "入市" here undoubtedly achieves the sentence component of a new term as "subject-object common complement" unique to Chinese structure, that is, it is both subject complement and object complement.

a) Active and Passive Voice of Subject Complement

i. Agent Subject Complement

An agent subject complement is a sentence component that expresses the purpose of the predicate verb dominated by the subject in the active voice. And its logical relationship directly points to the subject of the sentence. As follows, the words shown in bold are agent subject complements:

1 李牧|击|破秦军,南距韩、魏。(史记·廉颇蔺相如列传)

2(李牧)|大破||杀匈奴十馀万骑。(ditto)

3 成王|自绞|杀。(史记·楚世家)("自" in the sentence is a reflexive pronoun. "杀" here means death)

4晋|射||伤楚共王目。(史记·郑世家)

5(靳歙)|击|绝楚饷道。(史记·傅靳蒯成列传)("绝"即"断绝"之意)

6他|学得||兴动了,那里闭得口住?(西周生●醒世姻缘传)

7两只眼睛|哭得||红肿肿的。(李宝嘉·官·形·)

8 白嘉轩 | 办得 || 很认真。(陈忠实·白鹿原)

"破秦军" in the above example 1 is used to supplement and explain the results after the implementing of "击" by the subject. Therefore, the subject "李牧" and "破秦军" constitute the subject-predicate relationship of the logical category, and so "破秦军" is the agent subject complement.

Example 2 is the military operation by the subject "李牧" ---"大破"匈奴, and has achieved the brilliant results of "杀匈奴十馀万骑". Therefore, "杀匈奴十馀万骑" constitutes a subject-predicate relationship with the subject in the logical category, and it acts as an agent subject complement

The word "杀" in the sentence of example 3 is to complement the result of "成王自绞", and also constitutes the agent subject complement.

In Example 4, "晋" attacked with "射", and the result was "伤楚共王目". Therefore, the subject "晋" and the "伤楚共王目" constitute a subject-predicate relationship in the logical category, and obviously the latter is the agent subject complement.

For example, sentence 5 is that "靳歙" launched an attack and reached the stage goal of "绝楚饷道". Therefore, "绝楚饷道" is the agent subject complement used to state the subject "靳歙"

The words "兴动", "红肿肿" and "很认真" in sentences (6), (7) and (8) are obviously the agent subject complement.

ii. Patient Subject Complement

Patient subject complement refers to a sentence component that expresses the change or result affected by the predicate verb in a passive sentence. And this component forms a logical relationship with the subject. The sentence components shown in bold text are as follows:

1 国|削|弱至于亡。(史记·魏世家)

2 屈原|,楚贤臣也,被谗||放逐,作《离骚》赋。(贾谊·吊屈原赋)

3舞榭歌台,风流|总被雨打风吹||去。(辛弃疾·京口北固亭怀古)

4 经书什物|皆被焚||荡。(释慧皎·高僧传)

5多少好汉|被蒙汗酒麻|翻了。(施耐庵·水浒传)

6 几家瓦厦|,忽剌剌被巡军都曳||塌。(张国宾·公孙汗衫记)

7 全部|被冲刷得||干干净净。(安妮宝贝·素年锦时)

8我|被他们盯得||几乎听到了心脏的地狱般的怦怦声。(王晓方·白道) In sentence example 1, the result of "国" dominated by "削" must be "弱至于亡". Obviously, "弱至于亡" states the crisis of the subject "国" at the lower level of the predicate. In other words, "弱至于亡" is the patient subject complement.

In sentence example 2, "屈原" is dominated by the predicate verb "谗", and its consequence is "放逐". Therefore, there is a clear logical relationship of subject-predicate between "屈原" and "放逐". It goes without saying that "放逐" is the patient subject complement.

In Example 3, "风流" is always "被雨打风吹", so it will eventually disappear and "去". --- "去" states the subject of the sentence "风流" at the end, so "去" acts as a patient subject complement.

In Example 4, the subject "经书什物" are governed by the predicate verb "焚", and the result is bound to "荡" without existing. Therefore, the sentence component "荡" refers to the object of "焚", that is, the subject of the sentence -- "经书什物". It goes without saying that "荡" is the patient subject complement, because the subject and 荡 constitute a subject-predicate relationship of logical category.

In sentence example 5, the sentence component "翻" states the subject "多少好汉" who are numbed (麻) by蒙汗酒 (a kind of narcotic wine). In other words, the subject and "翻" have formed the subject-predicate relationship of the logical category, so "翻" is the patient subject complement.

The components "塌", "干干净净" and "几乎听到了心脏的地狱般的怦怦声" in sentence examples (6), (7) and (8) all state the patient subjects dominated by several predicate verbs, so they are patient subject complements, because the patient subject and they have formed the subject-predicate relationship of the logical category.

b) Subject-Object Common Complement

The subject-object common complement, that is, the same complement is shared by both subject and object. This is because the subject of the sentence dominates the predicate of the imperative verb and causes its object to participate in the same activity or behavior, thus forming the same structure expressing the same activity or behavior. In other words, the same structural component acts as subject complement and object complement respectively. As the word "偕" in the following example 1 means that the host and guest "go together", similarly, "去" in example 2 and "入市" in example 3, etc. It is because the activities or acts in which the subject and the object participate together are embodied in the same words, which in turn act as subject complements and object complements respectively. This is the origin of the common complement between subject and object. And examples are as follows:

1(平原君)|约与食客门下有勇力文武备具者二十人||偕。(史记·平原君虞卿列传)

2左右|或欲引相如||去。(史记·廉颇蔺相如列传)

3公子|引车||入市。(史记·魏公子列传)

4(余)|携幼||入室,有酒盈樽。(陶渊明·归去来兮辞)

5庞公|任本性,携子||卧苍苔。(杜甫·昔游)

6杖藜|扶我||过桥东。(志南·古木阴中系短篷)

7 场期到了,(辛光禄)|遂忙忙约会了辛解愠||同入场去。(步月主人·两交婚)

8 再娶者|,皆引狼||入室耳。(蒲松龄·黎氏)

9 我|带了你||同进去。(钱钟书·围城)

10 凤霞|时常陪我坐在一起。(余华·活着)

The adverbial "同" in the above examples 7 and 9 and the adverbial "一起" in example 10 are clearly grammatical evidence that the subject and object participate in the same activity to form a common complement.

IV. CONCLUSION

In summary, this paper explores the structural characteristics of the subject complement from the two levels of syntactic level and logical relationship in Chinese. And this paper takes the selected linguistic examples of the historical text as the basis for elaboration, and strives to analyze and demonstrate it necessarily and fully, so as to prove the objective existence of the subject complement in the structure of Chinese syntax and its basic structure types.

In fact, in the paper mentioned above, the author has set forth the reasons for the false concept of "pivotal structure" and its flawed objective facts, so as to demonstrate the grammatical identity of the object complement proposed by the scholars in the Chinese academic circle, so the emergence of the subject complement has become an inevitable result. The simplest way for the subject complement to appear is that if we convert the sentence containing the object complement, which is traditionally called "pivotal structure", into the passive voice, the subject complement will stand in it. For example, if the sentence "本来高松年请他去当政治系主任"(钱钟书·围城)is converted into a passive sentence, there is "本来他被高松年请去当政治系主任". Obviously, it was originally used as an object complement, but now it is regarded as the predicate of "pivotal structure "去当政治系主任", turning around becomes the structural component of the subject complement of the impeccable subject "他". In fact, there is no need for artificial passive transformation, and the subject complement of original ecological still exists objectively, such as:

每个人被逼着发出最后的吼声。(田汉·义勇军进行曲歌词)

我也被命令面壁而立。(季羡林·牛棚杂忆)

Consequently It goes without saying that in the Chinese language system, the objective existence of subject complement is beyond doubt.

According to the definition of subject complement given above: "The subject complement is located at the lower level of the predicate verb, and to supplement the subject's nature, change or result affected by the expression of the predicate verb. And the subject and the subject complement constitute the subject-predicate relationship of logical category." Therefore, the basic types of subject complement restricted by the relationship between subject and predicate can be divided into two categories: agent subject complement and patient subject complement. The objective existence of subject-object common complement is that there are no structural elements in Chinese to distinguish the case of nouns and pronouns, while the real predicate verbs are of singular and plural isomorphism and there are no structural changes of tense and voice neither. For example, "凤霞时常陪我坐在一起" (余华·活着). This is the concrete embodiment of the grammatical characteristics of the Chinese language.

Traditional Chinese scholars believe that the structural auxiliary "得" is the sign of complement (in fact, it is the sign of predicate complement, the author's note), but it also covers the structural components of subject complement objectively. So, how to distinguish subject complement from predicate complement?

First of all, it should be discriminated from the hierarchical attribute as a grammatical component. Relative to the subject of the sentence, the subject complement is at the lower level of the predicate, For example, "我 | 被他们盯得 || 几乎听到了心脏的地狱般的怦怦声" (王晓方·白道), it is obvious that the subject "我" and the subject complement in bold in the same sentence belongs to two distinct structural levels. However, it should be emphasized here that subject and subject complement are not at the subject-predicate level of grammatical category, although they have the logical relationship to be stated and to state. The predicate complement is at the same level as the predicate, For example, "哆嗦得更厉害了" in the sentence "祥子的手哆嗦得更厉害了" (老舍·骆驼祥子), it is a complement structure at the same predicate level. Secondly, from the logical connection between complement and central word: subject complement and subject constitute the relationship to state and to be stated; while predicate complement and predicate constitute the relationship to modify and to be modified. For example, "更厉害了" in the above sentence, its logical direction is obviously the predicate "哆嗦", rather than the subject "祥子的手".

It goes without saying that Chinese subject complement, like object complement and predicate complement, is an objective constituent unit in Chinese complement's family members.