Field Studies of the Bottom Sediments Movement in the Tuyamuyun Hydraulic Engineering Complex Lower Reaches of the Amu Darya River
The study of sediment flow rates in eroded riverbeds has great practical importance, especially when solving a number of water management problems involving various hydraulic structures. It is important to take quantitative account of sediments in calculating the siltation of reservoirs, when solving issues of rational placement and design of water intake structures and channels that divert water from the river for irrigation and water supply needs. In the channels of watercourses, sediments are transported in a suspended state, distributed throughout the living cross-section of the stream and bottom sediments, moved in the bottom layer. Measuring the flow rate of bottom sediments in nature is much more difficult than measuring the flow rate of suspended sediments. Therefore, measurements of the flow rate of bottom sediments related to the geometric dimensions and dynamic characteristics of ridges are mainly studied in the laboratory. The article presents the object of research, the method of research and the results obtained for determining the flow rate of bottom sediments. Full-scale observations to determine the bottom, suspended and total sediment discharge were carried out in the lower reaches of the Tuyamuyun hydraulic engineering complex on the Amu Darya River, which flows through the territory of the Central Asian states.
