GC-MS Evaluation of the Phytoconstituents of the Ethanolic and N-Hexane Extracts of the Whole Plant of Cleome Rutidosperma
Plants are the source of a great variety of phytochemicals, the valuable properties of which have been utilized by human being for centuries ever since the dawn of human civilization. Man has employed therapeutic plants as the greatest bio-resource of remedies for folk and contemporary treatments. Most plant species used as folklore medicine are claimed to retain the capacity to cure or mitigate some health disorders. Cleome rutidosperma has been reported for treatments as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, etc. agents. The present investigation was aimed to explore the phytoconstituents of the ethanolic and n-hexane extracts of the entire plant of Cleome rutidosperma employing the GC-MS technique. The extracts were analyzed with Thermo-Finnigan Trace GC Ultra (Waltham, MA, USA) equipped with a splitless injector, coupled to an ion trap mass spectrometer (MS) (Polaris Q) coupled to a Xcalibur data software processor. The GC-MS analysis of the crude ethanol and n-hexane extracts revealed mainly, esters, fatty acids, sterols, diketones and alcohols. Ethanolic and n-hexane extracts showed the presence of 22 and 25 phyto-compounds respectively, with a total of 40 pharmaco-bioactives put together. Some of the combined phytoconstituents are – (R)-(-)-14-Methyl-8-hexadecyn-1-ol, hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, 1-hexyl-2-nitrocyclohexane and 3, 7, 11, 15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (Phytol). Major phytoconstituents in ethanol extract were phthalic acid, di(2-propylpentyl) ester (22.5 %), 8-Isopropyl-5-methyl-5, 6,7,8-tetrahydro-2,4-quinazolinedione (14.82 %), n-hexadecanoic acid (14.78 %), 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester (5.19 %), retinal (vitamin A aldehyde) (2.54%), while 2-methyl-5-5-diphenyl-4-(methylthio)imidazole (18.22 %), linoleic acid ethyl ester (8.11%), phthalic acid, isobutyl octadecylester (3.92 %), 4-fluoro-1-methyl-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (3.69 %), octadecanoic acid 17-methyl-methyl ester (3.08 %), Estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17β-ol (2.25 %) and 2, 4-dimethyl-7-oxo-4,7-dihydro-triazolo (3, 2,-c) triazine (1.84%) were found in n-hexane extract. These compounds were confirmed using the NIST library. More bioactive constituents were identified in the n-hexane extract. The myriads of bioactive componenets present in the examined plant could have a synergistic effect which may boost its therapeutic capacity and could be valuable in the amelioration of various health disorders. Therefore, the therapeutic potentials of Cleome rutidosperma is very high.
