In-Vitro Anti-Microbial and Anti-Urolithiatic Models for Extract of Parmelia Perlata Lichen: An Evaluation of Prophylactic Management against Kidney Stone
Abstract- Background: Phyto-medicine is regaining interest owing to its advantages over conventional drugs and increasing cases of drug resistance. Moreover, recurrence and persistent side effects of present-day treatment for urolithiasis restrict their use, so an alternate solution using phytotherapy is being sought. The lichen species Parmelia Perlata (family Parmeliaceae) mentioned in India Materia Medica are useful in treating several ailments, and they are being used in large quantities as a food supplements in India. Objective: Up to date, the scientific documentation regarding in-vivo antiurolithiatic and antimicrobial activity of Parmelia perlata has been reported, although it has not reported for invitro antiurolithiatic as well as an antimicrobial activity up till now. The present study attempted to evaluate phytochemical screening, antimicrobial activity, and anti urolithiatic activity of methanolic lichen extracts of Parmelia Perlata, which called “Chandila” by in vitro model. Material and Methods: In this study, the crude extracts were obtained from the Parmelia perlata by cold extraction method using methanol as a solvent. The phytochemical tests were being carried out on the extract of lichen. The antimicrobial efficacy was being investigated against various pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. In vitro antiurolithiatic models were investigated through nucleation assay and aggregation assays by spectrophotometric technique. Cystone was being used as a standard drug in the in vitro model for anti urolithiatic activity. Result: The result of the phytochemical tests showed the presence of several biologically active phytochemicals with the highest quantity of alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenols in methanolic extract. The methanolic extract had the highest activity against P.vulgaris and C. tropicalis at 160 mcg/mL concentration. The maximum percentage of dissolution of existing calcium oxalate crystal was found to be 35% at 40 mg/ml concentration. Conclusion: Methanolic extract of Parmelia Perlata exhibited significant in vitro antimicrobial and anti-urolithiatic activity.
