A Review on Small Ruminants Brucellosis

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Tewodros Alemneh
Tewodros Alemneh
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A Review on Small Ruminants Brucellosis

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Abstract

Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease that causes huge economic losses to the livestock owners and is of great public health concern worldwide. It is a chronic infectious disease of livestock, rodents, marine animals and human beings. Brucellosis affects both public and animal health as well as production, and is widespread in many regions of the world. The disease is caused by non-motile, facultative intracellular Cocco-bacilli of genus Brucella. The two specific isolates of Brucella, Brucella melitensis and Brucella ovis, cause brucellosis in small ruminants. Brucella ovis causes the disease in sheep while B. melitensis is the etiologic agent of brucellosis in man, sheep and goats. Direct contact with infected animal secretions, inhalation of the organism, ingestion of contaminated food, and poor hygienic practices favor the transmission of brucellosis between animals and humans. Brucellosis affects the reproductive tract of animals which is manifested by late term abortions, retention of placenta in the case of female animals, epididymitis and orchitis in males. The disease is also characterized by infertility and reduced milk production. The diagnosis of brucellosis focuses onculture, serological tests and molecular investigations. Because of the high relapse rate associated with the disease, the use of a multidrug therapy is recommended. Brucellosis can be prevented by implementing appropriate animal-diseasecontrol measures; avoiding the consumption of undercooked meat and unpasteurized dairy products; and using appropriate barrier precautions to exclude exposure to aerosols in humans.

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Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

Data Availability

Not applicable for this article.

How to Cite This Article

Tewodros Alemneh. 2018. \u201cA Review on Small Ruminants Brucellosis\u201d. Global Journal of Medical Research - G: Veterinary Science & Medicine GJMR-G Volume 18 (GJMR Volume 18 Issue G2): .

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Journal Specifications

Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/gjmra

Print ISSN 0975-5888

e-ISSN 2249-4618

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GJMR-G Classification: NLMC Code: WC 310
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v1.2

Issue date

September 29, 2018

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en
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Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease that causes huge economic losses to the livestock owners and is of great public health concern worldwide. It is a chronic infectious disease of livestock, rodents, marine animals and human beings. Brucellosis affects both public and animal health as well as production, and is widespread in many regions of the world. The disease is caused by non-motile, facultative intracellular Cocco-bacilli of genus Brucella. The two specific isolates of Brucella, Brucella melitensis and Brucella ovis, cause brucellosis in small ruminants. Brucella ovis causes the disease in sheep while B. melitensis is the etiologic agent of brucellosis in man, sheep and goats. Direct contact with infected animal secretions, inhalation of the organism, ingestion of contaminated food, and poor hygienic practices favor the transmission of brucellosis between animals and humans. Brucellosis affects the reproductive tract of animals which is manifested by late term abortions, retention of placenta in the case of female animals, epididymitis and orchitis in males. The disease is also characterized by infertility and reduced milk production. The diagnosis of brucellosis focuses onculture, serological tests and molecular investigations. Because of the high relapse rate associated with the disease, the use of a multidrug therapy is recommended. Brucellosis can be prevented by implementing appropriate animal-diseasecontrol measures; avoiding the consumption of undercooked meat and unpasteurized dairy products; and using appropriate barrier precautions to exclude exposure to aerosols in humans.

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A Review on Small Ruminants Brucellosis

Tewodros Alemneh
Tewodros Alemneh University of Gondar

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