Marijuana: Neurotoxic or Neuroprotective?

1
Manoj Banjara
Manoj Banjara
1 Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center

Send Message

To: Author

GJMR Volume 15 Issue B2

Article Fingerprint

ReserarchID

PDDTMHFFEE

Marijuana: Neurotoxic or Neuroprotective? Banner
  • English
  • Afrikaans
  • Albanian
  • Amharic
  • Arabic
  • Armenian
  • Azerbaijani
  • Basque
  • Belarusian
  • Bengali
  • Bosnian
  • Bulgarian
  • Catalan
  • Cebuano
  • Chichewa
  • Chinese (Simplified)
  • Chinese (Traditional)
  • Corsican
  • Croatian
  • Czech
  • Danish
  • Dutch
  • Esperanto
  • Estonian
  • Filipino
  • Finnish
  • French
  • Frisian
  • Galician
  • Georgian
  • German
  • Greek
  • Gujarati
  • Haitian Creole
  • Hausa
  • Hawaiian
  • Hebrew
  • Hindi
  • Hmong
  • Hungarian
  • Icelandic
  • Igbo
  • Indonesian
  • Irish
  • Italian
  • Japanese
  • Javanese
  • Kannada
  • Kazakh
  • Khmer
  • Korean
  • Kurdish (Kurmanji)
  • Kyrgyz
  • Lao
  • Latin
  • Latvian
  • Lithuanian
  • Luxembourgish
  • Macedonian
  • Malagasy
  • Malay
  • Malayalam
  • Maltese
  • Maori
  • Marathi
  • Mongolian
  • Myanmar (Burmese)
  • Nepali
  • Norwegian
  • Pashto
  • Persian
  • Polish
  • Portuguese
  • Punjabi
  • Romanian
  • Russian
  • Samoan
  • Scots Gaelic
  • Serbian
  • Sesotho
  • Shona
  • Sindhi
  • Sinhala
  • Slovak
  • Slovenian
  • Somali
  • Spanish
  • Sundanese
  • Swahili
  • Swedish
  • Tajik
  • Tamil
  • Telugu
  • Thai
  • Turkish
  • Ukrainian
  • Urdu
  • Uzbek
  • Vietnamese
  • Welsh
  • Xhosa
  • Yiddish
  • Yoruba
  • Zulu

Chronic marijuana intake was known to induce morphological changes to the brain impairing memory and learning ability. However, several studies demonstrated the protective effect of marijuana post-brain traumas. This article reviews studies that strengthen our horizon to understand the effects of marijuana smoking in brain. This review predicts that optimum use of marijuana or pure marijuana compound can be beneficial or detrimental depending on the consumed dose.

34 Cites in Articles

References

  1. Mary Abood,Gulrukh Rizvi,Neetha Sallapudi,Sean Mcallister (2001). Activation of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor protects cultured mouse spinal neurons against excitotoxicity.
  2. Angela Ameri (1999). The effects of cannabinoids on the brain.
  3. R Bash,V Rubovitch,M Gafni,Y Sarne (2003). The stimulatory effect of cannabinoids on calcium uptake is mediated by Gs GTP-binding proteins and cAMP formation.
  4. R Block,O' Leary,D Ehrhardt,J Augustinack,J Ghoneim,M Arndt,S Hall,J (2000). Effects of frequent marijuana use on brain tissue volume and composition.
  5. Antonio Calignano,Giovanna Rana,Andrea Giuffrida,Daniele Piomelli (1998). Control of pain initiation by endogenous cannabinoids.
  6. Elisaldo Carlini,Jomar Cunha (1981). Hypnotic and Antiepileptic Effects of Cannabidiol.
  7. Guy Chiu-Kai Chan,Thomas Hinds,Soren Impey,Daniel Storm (1998). Hippocampal Neurotoxicity of Δ<sup>9</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabinol.
  8. P Chan,R Sills,A Braun,J Haseman,J Bucher (1996). Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Fischer Rats and B6C3F1 Mice.
  9. J Court (1998). Cannabis and brain function.
  10. K Fehr,H Kalant,A Leblanc,J Feigenbaum,F Bergmann,S Richmond,R Mechoulam,V Nadler,Y Kloog,M Sokolovsky (1976). Nonpsychotropic cannabinoid acts as a functional N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blocker.
  11. M Guzman,C Sanchez,I Galve-Roperh (2001). Control of the cell survival/death decision by cannabinoids.
  12. A Hampson,M Grimaldi (2001). Cannabinoid receptor activation and elevated cyclic AMP reduce glutamate neurotoxicity.
  13. Jon Harper,Robert Heath,William Myers (1977). Effects of cannabis sativa on ultrastructure of the synapse in monkey brain.
  14. R Heath,A Fitzjarrell,C Fontana,R Garey (1980). Cannabis sativa: effects on brain function and ultrastructure in rhesus monkeys.
  15. S Heishman,K Arasteh,M Stitzer (1997). Comparative effects of alcohol and marijuana on mood, memory, and performance.
  16. C Heyser,R Hampson,S Deadwyler (1993). Effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on delayed match to sample performance in rats: alterations in short-term memory associated with changes in task specific firing of hippocampal cells..
  17. L Hollister (1986). Health aspects of cannabis..
  18. R Karler,S Turkanis (1981). The cannabinoids as potential antiepileptics.
  19. P Landfield,L Cadwallader,S Vinsant (1988). Quantitative changes in hippocampal structure following long-term exposure to delta 9tetrahydrocannabinol: possible mediation by glucocorticoid systems.
  20. J Lawston,A Borella,J Robinson,P Whitaker-Azmitia (2000). Changes in hippocampal morphology following chronic treatment with the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2.
  21. A Lichtman,B Martin (1996). Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol impairs spatial memory through a cannabinoid receptor mechanism.
  22. S Lukas,J Mendelson,R Benedikt (1995). Electroencephalographic correlates of marihuanainduced euphoria.
  23. William Martin,Andrea Hohmann,J Walker (1996). Suppression of Noxious Stimulus-Evoked Activity in the Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus of the Thalamus by a Cannabinoid Agonist: Correlation between Electrophysiological and Antinociceptive Effects.
  24. R Mechoulam,D Panikashvili,E Shohami (2002). Cannabinoids and brain injury: therapeutic implications.
  25. R Morris,P Garrud,J Rawlins,O' Keefe,J (1982). Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions.
  26. Harrison Pope,D Yurgelun-Todd (1996). The Residual Cognitive Effects of Heavy Marijuana Use in College Students.
  27. Y Sarne,F Asaf,M Fishbein,M Gafni,Keren (2011). The dual neuroprotective-neurotoxic profile of cannabinoid drugs.
  28. Y Sarne,Keren (2004). Are cannabinoid drugs neurotoxic or neuroprotective?.
  29. Andrew Scallet (1991). Neurotoxicology of cannabis and THC: A review of chronic exposure studies in animals.
  30. A Schweinsburg,S Brown,S Tapert (2008). The influence of marijuana use on neurocognitive functioning in adolescents.
  31. M Shen,S Thayer (1998). Cannabinoid receptor agonists protect cultured rat hippocampal neurons from excitotoxicity.
  32. Nadia Solowij,Patricia Michie,Allison Fox (1995). Differential impairments of selective attention due to frequency and duration of cannabis use.
  33. Alexander Stiglick,Harold Kalant (1982). Residual effects of prolonged cannabis administration on exploration and DRL performance in rats.
  34. Alexander Stiglick,Mark Llewellyn,Harold Kalant (1984). Residual effects of prolonged cannabis treatment on shuttle-box avoidance in the rat.

Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

Data Availability

Not applicable for this article.

Manoj Banjara. 2015. \u201cMarijuana: Neurotoxic or Neuroprotective?\u201d. Global Journal of Medical Research - B: Pharma, Drug Discovery, Toxicology & Medicine GJMR-B Volume 15 (GJMR Volume 15 Issue B2): .

Download Citation

Article content is being processed or not available yet.

Journal Specifications

Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/gjmra

Print ISSN 0975-5888

e-ISSN 2249-4618

Keywords
Classification
GJMR-B Classification: NLMC Code: QW 630.5.N4
Version of record

v1.2

Issue date

June 10, 2015

Language

English

Experiance in AR

The methods for personal identification and authentication are no exception.

Read in 3D

The methods for personal identification and authentication are no exception.

Article Matrices
Total Views: 4022
Total Downloads: 2155
2026 Trends
Research Identity (RIN)
Related Research

Article in Review

Chronic marijuana intake was known to induce morphological changes to the brain impairing memory and learning ability. However, several studies demonstrated the protective effect of marijuana post-brain traumas. This article reviews studies that strengthen our horizon to understand the effects of marijuana smoking in brain. This review predicts that optimum use of marijuana or pure marijuana compound can be beneficial or detrimental depending on the consumed dose.

Our website is actively being updated, and changes may occur frequently. Please clear your browser cache if needed. For feedback or error reporting, please email [email protected]
×

This Page is Under Development

We are currently updating this article page for a better experience.

Request Access

Please fill out the form below to request access to this research paper. Your request will be reviewed by the editorial or author team.
X

Quote and Order Details

Contact Person

Invoice Address

Notes or Comments

This is the heading

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.

High-quality academic research articles on global topics and journals.

Marijuana: Neurotoxic or Neuroprotective?

Manoj Banjara
Manoj Banjara Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center

Research Journals