Geochemistry of Groundwater in the Volcanic Rocks of Nairobi City

Geochemistry of Groundwater in the Volcanic Rocks of Nairobi City

Caroline Onyancha

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Zachary Getenga

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Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology

Geochemistry of Groundwater in the Volcanic Rocks of Nairobi City

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Connecting with the Eternal Ground

Abstract

Nairobi City the Capital of Kenya lies on the eastern flank of the Kenya Rift Valley. The geological succession includes metamorphic and igneous rocks as well as interbedded lacustrine and alluvial sediments. Groundwater has been encountered in aquifers within the thirteen different geologic units in the succession. The objective of this study was to analyse the geochemistry of groundwater for major and minor elements, heavy metals as well as the presence of pollutants. The 30 samples were collected and analysed using international standards. Membrane Filter Technique, Ion chromatography, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma were some of the methods of analysis used. The results show that the physical parameters of the groundwater across the study area range from those within the recommended World Health Organisation limits to those that raise concern such as the high turbidity, pH and electrical conductivity values in boreholes in Embakasi, Industrial area, and Karen. Since these parameters signify potential for microbial contamination, a research should be carried out to analyse their variation and the relationship with lithology and structural geology of the area. Results of this study as well as those of past chemical analyses indicate that major anions and cations concentrations are within the limits recommended by WHO. High nitrate concentrations are detected in the shallow wells. Fluoride content is above internationally recommended limits in majority of the boreholes.

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Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

Data Availability

Not applicable for this article.

How to Cite This Article

Caroline Onyancha. 2013. \u201cGeochemistry of Groundwater in the Volcanic Rocks of Nairobi City\u201d. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research - H: Environment & Environmental geology GJSFR-H Volume 13 (GJSFR Volume 13 Issue H3).

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GJSFR Volume 13 Issue H3

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Journal Specifications

Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJSFR

Print ISSN 0975-5896

e-ISSN 2249-4626

Keywords

domestic use geochemistry Groundwater international standards nairobi city volcanic rocks

Submission ReceivedJuly 16, 2013
Peer Review Double Blind
Handling Editor
Accepted August 8, 2013
Published August 22, 2013

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September 18, 2013

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Article Matrices

Total Score: 102

Country: Kenya

Subject: Global Journal of Science Frontier Research - H: Environment & Environmental geology

Authors: Caroline Onyancha, Zachary Getenga (PhD/Dr. count: 0)

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