A Dispersive Liquid- Liquid Microextraction based Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (DLLME-GC-MS) Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Fungicide Residues in Fruit Samples
A simple and sensitive dispersive liquid – liquid microextraction method based gas chromatography mass spectrometry (DLLME-GC-MS) has been developed for the simultaneous determination of twelve azole fungicides (Tetraconazole, Penconazole, Tricyclazole, Propiconazole, Tebuconazole, Epoxyconazole, Etoxazole, Fluquinconazole, Difenconazole) in fruit samples. The following parameters that affect the DLLME procedure efficiency were optimized: Selection of extraction solvent and dispersion solvent, extraction time and ionic strength. Under the optimal conditions the linearity of the method was established over the range 0.001 – 1.0 μg/mL with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9962 – 0.9997. The recoveries of the DLLME ranged from 85 to 105, with relative standard deviation (RSD) < 9.5%. The developed and optimized method was applied successfully for the determination of residues in market fruit samples.
