Research
Arabic Traces in Masalhas Language in the literary translated work The Cactus
The main target of this article is to examine the impact of Arabic on the Masalha's literary translated work The Cactus from Arabic into Hebrew, focusing on the lexical effects. Specifically it examines his use of words and phrases borrowed from Arabic and loan translations of idioms and proverbs, specially from colloquial Arabic. These words and phrases serve to increase the authentic sense of the Arab culture that the text depicts. This article reports also on the phenomenon of Arab authors in Israel writing in Hebrew. "Writing in Hebrew" refers to literary works originally written in Hebrew or translated from Arabic to Hebrew. The article examines the status of the Hebrew for Israeli Arabs, the scale of the phenomenon of writing in Hebrew, the bilingual literary works of Arab authors in Israel, and Israeli society's acceptance of Arab authors writing in Hebrew. Methodologically, the article contributes to the teaching of the general topic: "The linguistic contact between Hebrew and Arabic in the state of Israel" as it presents a broad background to the status of Hebrew language in Israeli Arab society. The article also contributes specifically to teaching the topic: "Bilingualism in Arab authors in Israel who write in Hebrew".
The Rhetorics of Hafez al Assad
Rhetoric is the art of persuasion as opposed to a simple communication of information. The aim of rhetoric is not to spread truth and present it plainly and openly but to convince an audience to accept a speaker's position - one which not necessarily congruent with that of the audience. The arguments alone cannot persuade, but when presented in a certain way, they become acceptable to the audience. Language is a device that enables us to understand the world. Speech is the expression of understanding (Sophia) which lets us explain situations, construct dialogue, and clarify and investigate the world. The word is the most powerful expression of human ability; without it human beings would have accomplished no more than animals intellectually. Communication is the essential activity that links the various parts of society together and allow them to function as n integrated whole. Rhetoricians understand the importance and power of words. They use strategies that rely on words, which they see as a tool to be use to effect, often in sophisticated ways. They seek to fashion a new reality, which the audience can accept as genuine. Rhetoricians generally do this by eliciting a sense of agreement with the listener and once that feeling of understanding has been established, the task of persuasion can begin.
