Research
Use of Euphorbia Kamerunica (Spurge) Extract in the Control of Saprolegnia Species Growth in Incubated Eggs of Clarias Gariepinus
Saprolenia is a major aquatic fungus affecting the smooth successful operation of fish hatcheries because it causes mortality during incubation. A number of cheap synthetic antifungal products have been prohibited because of human health risks associated with them. A study was conducted to investigate the antifungal potential of Euphorbia kamerunica (Spurge) using latex from fresh extract. Fertilized catfish (Clarias gariepinus ) eggs were incubated in three different treatment concentrations of 100ml, 50ml and 25ml extract with a control.This study on the effectiveness of Euphorbia kamerunica (Spurge), a perennial woody shrubs whose caustic milky sap (Latex) is readily soluble in water was extracted as anti fungi agent on the growth of Saprolegnia species on incubated eggs of Clarias gariepinus species.The study revealed that was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the number of eggs infected at different concentration of 100ml (38 ± 10), 50ml (109 ± 8), 25ml (140 ± 14) and 0ml (197 ± 2.186) and the number of eggs hatched 100ml (648 ± 45.863), 50ml (942 ± 21.032), 25ml (1088 ± 52), and 0ml (1950 ± 63). Some of the physico-chemical parameters of the water monitored are pH, Electrical conductivity, Total dissolved solids and Temperature which were within the tolerable range/limit of the fish species. From the results, it was inferred that 25ml concentration of the spurge extract could be used to control the growth of the fungi Saprolegnia species in fish hatchery operations as a result of high hatchability rate (1088 ± 52.699) and reduced level of infection.
Aflatoxin Effect of Moulded Gala Waste Mixed with Ginger and Its Histopathological Study on Clarias Gariepinus.
A feeding trial was conducted to investigate aflatoxin effect of moulded sausage waste with ginger and its histopathological study on Clarias gariepinus. One hundred and eighty fingerlings with mean weight 3.90g±0.02 were stocked at 15fish/net happas (0.8mx0.6mx0.4m).The net happa were suspended into ¾ of an earthen pond of (12mx12mx1.5m) LXBXH using kuralon twine at the four edges of the happas to tie around carefully arranged bamboo poles across an earthen pond. The fingerlings were fed with four isonitrogenous diets containing 40% crude protein at different inclusion level. Treatment 1 (0% control diet), Treatment 2 (10%), Treatment 3 (20%), and Treatment 4 (30%).The fingerlings were fed at 5% body weight for 8 weeks. It was observed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the values obtained for Feed conversion ratio (FCR), Specific growth rate (SGR), Protein efficiency ratio (PER) and weight increase. Feed conversion ratio in Treatment 1 (3.14±0.35) and in Treatment 2 (1.01±0.58).
