Research
Bleaching of Vegetable Oil using Organic Acid Activated Fulleras Earth (Bentonite Clay)
Vegetable oil is one of the basic food items which is consumed by almost every human being in this universe. Therefore quality of vegetable oil should be good enough so that it accounts for healthy life. In vegetable oil manufacturing there are four major steps involved which are neutralization, degumming, bleaching and deodorization. Among these steps bleaching is the very important and critical step because it ensures the good color and odor of vegetable oil. The famous method of bleaching in Pakistan is adsorption by inorganic acid activated fuller’s earth (bentonite clay). Treatment with inorganic acid (Sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid) activated bentonite clay is very efficient and shows satisfactory results. But there is a major disadvantage associated with its use. Fumes of hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid are very dangerous for both the equipment and labor involved in manufacturing of vegetable oil. Therefore the safety of the labor and equipment is compromised. The major purpose of this research work is to give the alternative method for activation procedure of bentonite clay and this method should be the safest method for both the labor and equipment used in vegetable oil industry.
Economic Feasibility of Biomass Gasification for Electricity Generation in Pakistan
Due to increase in energy demands and depletion of conventional and fossil fuels in Pakistan, search has been started for alternative reliable and abundant available fuel, therefore demand of renewable sources has increased. Biomass is renewable and efficient source and very helpful for overcoming the current situation of energy crisis in Pakistan. It is promising fuel for future as it is effective enough to be applied on small and medium industrial scale. The major motivation of this research is to analyze the economic feasibility of a Biomass gasifier for the production of electricity. Biomass gasification is the most reliable and promising method now a days for generation of electricity because this process provides sustainable & affordable alternative to fossil fuel based process plants at small and medium levels. From economic analysis it is concluded that biomass gasification technology is the most feasible technology if it is implemented in rural areas with an average population of 200 houses and in small industries.
