Research
Using Crashed Bricks as Top Layer in Gravity Multimedia Filtration
This research aims to eliminate the top sedimentation CAKE in gravity filtration for water purification in almost all water treatment plants due of blocking of large turbidity particles on top of first filter layer, it is strongly recommended to use a coarse materials that is lighter in density from sand, and can be float above the sand layer during the filtration circle back washing, our goal idea is to used crashed bricks due to its huge availability, cheep, high porosity &, less specific weight, bricks well washed and crashed mechanically then sieved to perform the required size, lab tests was made using waters supplied from city main network mixed with controlled percentage of kaolin as turbidity. Chemical are used to coagulate suspended materials before the filtration stage, chemical used include alum with some catalyst, such as poly electrolytes.
Direct Filtration for Drinking Water at Habbaniyah Lake (Iraq)
This research aims at elimination of the sedimentation stage from water purification systems, here waters supplied from lakes. chemical are used to coagulate any remaining suspended materials before the filtration stage, chemical used include alum with some catalyst, such as poly electrolytes. An integrated 5,50 m high Direct filtration unit was constructed in the laboratory, it included four main units: an axial flocculating unit, a filtration unit , injection unit for pumping coagulants and clay materials, and a backwashing unit, a piezometric board is also included tot give reading at each 10cm of filter height . Water is supplied to the system through a constant head tank by gravity action. filtration is done through two mediums ,a crushed brick layer2 to 5mm sizes(30to40)cm deep and a quartz sand layer 0-.60to 0.75mm (30to40)cm deep. The partial part was done in two stages:- The first stage included the laboratory procedure, using the constructed filtration system, Baghdad water supply was used, with the addition of kaolin (fine mud used as turbidity)to increase turbidity to find the best combination of variables, loading ,to highest water yield together with highest efficiency, experiments were run to find the effect of filtration rate, type &and depth of filtration materials, effect of coagulating material and added catalyst in addition to the control of flocculation time and velocity gradient. The second stage included the study of the effects of magnitude of turbidity and type of coagulating materials on water yield & on efficiency of filtration system, experiments of this stage were run in habbaniyah, using lake water and water treatment plant of touristic village, by eliminating the sedimentation stage of the plant, the pressurized filtration unit was used, 0.2to0.5mm charcoal, 0.2to 0.5mm sand.
Direct Filtration using Surface Lakes Water in Iraq
As Direct filtration provides an alternative treatment process to coagulation and settling of low turbidity waters used for the treatment of good quality water supplies. The primary objectives for using a direct filtration treatment in municipal plants are to obtain quality water, at minimum coagulation dosage, without sacrificing filter production capacity.
