Research
Carrier Responsibility Basis in Islamic Law
Carrier liability in Islamic law is investigated in the present work. The liability systems are classified into four distinct systems: system based on the proved fault, system based on fault supposition, system based on the supposition of responsibility, and system of absolute or mere responsibility. All above systems are observed in Islamic law and there are viewpoint differences among jurisprudents as well as lawyers in the subjectof carrier liability. However the dominant idea is on the carrier liability, i.e. the carrier is responsible and the only way to get rid of responsibility is to declare the damage cause and the loss cannot be related to the carrier. Damage assessment in Islamic law is also investigated.
Computing Group Theory and Character Table of Non Rigid Tetraphenylporphyrin H2(TPP) and Metalloporphyrin MII(TPP)
The studies on symmetry of Metalloporphyrins are very important due to better understanding of their spectra. Also, the non rigid molecule group theory, in which the dynamical symmetry operations are defined as physical operations, is a new field of chemistry. In this paper, by a simple method, we calculate character table for symmetry group of non rigid porphyrin molecule consisting of four phenyl groups attached to a rigid framework. We apply the group theory package, GAP, to compute the symmetry of Tetraphenylporphyrin, H2(TPP), and Metalloporphyrin, MII(TPP), with symmetry groups D2h and D4h, respectively. We prove that the full non rigid of these molecules are seen be the group of order 64 which has 16 conjugacy classes and order 128 which has 20 conjugacy classes, respectively.
