Research
Conflict and Reconciliation Beween Orient and Occident in a Passage to India and a Passage to England
E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India nourishes the facet of superiority and inferiority, self and other between occident and orient revealed in Orientalism. Through the character analysis and the development of the plot, the writer shows the conflicts of these senses. The novel narrates the colonial exercise-the English’s rule in India and the relationship between the Indians and the English. The perceived idea, misconception, and colonial politics prevail in the two races. The characters from the English and the Indians find the oriental concept a barrier in their integration for giving pre-eminence of everything occidental and representing the oriental as an inferior other. On the other hand, though Chaudhuri in his travelogue, A Passage to England rounds with a preconceived idea formulated by the west, he feels doubt to meet the west. But he feels home with the west after meeting them. The writer, through his experience, tries to find out the explanation of the west’s negative view on the East. The article tries to explore whether a proper reconciliation or harmony is possible in the conflict of orient and occident following thesisantithesis- synthesis through the comparative analysis of these books.
Conflict and Reconciliation of Binary Opposition in a Passage to India and a Passage to England
The well-known myth of binary- England and India creates a conflict for the contrastive attitude in E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India and Nirad C Chaudhuri’s travelogue A Passage to England. The binary opposition of Anglo-Indian as colonizers and Indians as colonized leads to another set of binary, whitecolored, and civilized-primitive in A Passage to India. This binary contradicts each other to form them in another set of binary, controller-controlled during the British imperial rule in India. The contrastive structure is in the form of conflict reflected in their outlook, behavior, and lifestyle in this novel. On the other hand, by an eight-week-journey in western countries, Chaudhuri, as an Indian in England, exposes what he observes in the west together with the reality of India in the travelogue. He recognizes the social binaries upholded by Jacques Derrida in A Passage to England. Chaudhuri in his book has executed this binary sense as England-India, British-Indians possessing two independent entities of the world. The two writers, through Hegel’s dialectic process, place the binary opposition implanting Derrida’s view. The article focuses on the nature of the conflict and tries to explore reconciliation of the conflicts based on the comparative analysis of two books.
Conflict and Reconciliation of Ambivalence and Hybridity in A Passage to India and A Passage to England
The ambivalence for the attraction and repulsion shapes the colonizer and colonized’s duality sense for integrating each other’s way of life. It leads to create a hybridity sense, but this hybridity turns to mimicry. Forster’s A Passage to India portrays this sense through the character analysis. This novel exposes the ambivalent attitude of the Indians and the English to adopt the respective culture as the ruler and the ruled in India leading to hybridity sense. The development of events in the novel also shows some distorted sense in the character’s relationship and individual personality that creates a kind of tension. Chaudhuri, in his travelogue with his colonial experience, shapes his ambivalent attitude to integrate into the English traits. But his real experience with the West confirms his previous knowledge and he adopts his proper sense of hybridity by praising almost everything in western life and by showing the limitation of his country’s way of life. But his presentation in the travelogue makes a question of his stereotyped personality. The article initiates to explore reconciliation in this tension, applying the thesis-antithesis-synthesis technique through the comparative analysis of these two books.
The Clash and Harmony between Civilizations in a Passage to India by E. M. Forster
Samuel P. Huntington’s Clash of Civilization receives a recognition to analyze world politics. To defend this concept, Edward Said’s clash of Ignorance by finding out a root cause of the clash takes the place of harmony between civilizations. In this connection, we have seen that E.M. Forster’s A Passage to India upholds the clash of civilizations-Indians and the English for cultural difference supporting Huntington’s theory as well as for ignorance, hatred, and mentality supporting Said’s concept through the story development and character analysis. So, this paper has attempted to analyze this novel and tries to show not only for the cultural difference but also for any other causes, civilizational crisis can occur. This paper also presents the soul bonding, universal brotherhood, proper understanding can be a bridge between civilizations.
The Metamorphosis of Home Concept in Capitalist Imperialism: A Critical Analysis of Death of Salesman by Arthur Miller
Death of Salesman by Arthur Miller delineates the imperialistic aggregation of money which leads to the tragic dénouement of a life. Money like imperialist controls everybody’s everything in this play. How much does anybody earn? –it is the main criteria of success in this play. This structure of society treats human being like a disposed of commodity, after using it is thrown out. Willy Loman, a man of sixty, becomes valueless in his company at this age, though it considers his worth in his youth. Materialistic sense devoid of humanitarian values entangles him tightly. He is always looking for a home with optimism which turns into pessimism with his tragic death for giving financial security for his family. His visionary ideas and all emotional needs by the blow of imperialistic tactics of money face treats continuously for money-making weapons. This paper aims at how his continuous looking for a home without true mental happiness with love and sympathy makes a metamorphosis of home built by the wall of money and turns into an ending of life-giving uncertainty of any security to his family.
The Synthesis of Binary Opposition in a Passage to England by Nirad C Chaudhuri: A Critical Overview
The popular myth of oppositions-India and England, finds the proper admixture in Nirad C Chaudhuri’s travelogue A Passage to England through the contrastive sense. Since he completes an eight-week-journey outside India, five weeks in England, two weeks in Paris and one in Rome, he presents what he sees in western world along with the reality of his own country as an Indian in this travelogue. Though in every chapter of this book he upholds very contrastive views of India and England giving a superiority of anyone, he beautifully synthesizes this contrast showing true reality. So, this paper aims at showing how he synthesizes the binary opposition applying Derrida’s view on binary opposition and Hegel’s dialectic process.
