• Home
  • About
        • Company
        • About us
        • What we stand for
        • AI & Innovation
        • Our Platforms
        • Careers
        • Open Research
        • Partners
        • Governance
        • Organization
        • Code Conduct
        • Board Rules
        • Policies
        • AI Policy
        • Misconduct
        • Anti-Corruption
        • Peer Review
        • Content Care
        • Citations
        • Third-Party Use
        • Retraction Guide
        • Ethics
        • Research Ethics
        • Ethics Code
        • Standards
        • Critical thinking
        • Responsibility
        • Corp. Responsibility
        • Sustainability
        • Ethics Oversight
        • DEI Statement
        • Social Impact
        • Data Care
        • Climate Action
        • Publising
        • Open access
        • Confidentiality
        • Acknowledgements
        • Refund Policy
        • Authorship Disputes
        • Plagiarism
        Company

        • About us
        • What we stand for
        • AI & Innovation
        • Our Platforms
        • Careers
        • Open Research
        • Partners

        Governance

        • Organization
        • Code Conduct
        • Board Rules

        Policies

        • AI Policy
        • Misconduct
        • Anti-Corruption
        • Peer Review
        • Content Care
        • Citations
        • Third-Party Use
        • Retraction Guide

        Ethics

        • Research Ethics
        • Ethics Code
        • Standards
        • Critical thinking

        Responsibility​

        • Corp. Responsibility
        • Sustainability
        • Ethics Oversight
        • DEI Statement
        • Social Impact
        • Data Care
        • Climate Action

        Publising​

        • Open access
        • Confidentiality
        • Acknowledgements
        • Refund Policy
        • Authorship Disputes
        • Plagiarism

  • Journals
        • Computer Science​
        • A: Hardware & Computation
        • B: Cloud & Distributed
        • C: Software & Data Engineering
        • D: Neural & AI
        • E: Network, Web & Security
        • F: Graphics & Vision
        • G: Interdisciplinary
        • H: Information & Technology
        • Engineering​
        • A : Mechanical & Mechanics
        • B: Automotive Engineering
        • C: Chemical Engineering
        • D: Aerospace Engineering
        • E: Civil & Structural
        • F: Electrical & Electronic
        • G: Industrial Engineering
        • H: Robotics & Nano-Tech
        • I: Numerical Methods
        • J: General Engineering
        • Management & Business​
        • A: Administration & Management
        • B: Economic & Commerce
        • C: Finance
        • D: Accounting & Auditing
        • E: Marketing
        • F: Real estate, Event, Tourism Management & Transporting
        • G: Interdisciplinary
        • Medical Research​
        • A: Neurology & Nervous System
        • B: Pharma, Drug Discovery, Toxicology & Medicine
        • C: Microbiology & Pathology
        • D: Radiology, Diagnostic
        • E: Gynecology & Obstetrics
        • F: Diseases
        • G: Veterinary Science & Veterinary Medicine
        • H: Orthopedic & Musculoskeletal System
        • I: Surgeries & Cardiovascular System
        • J: Dentistry & Otolaryngology
        • K: Interdisciplinary
        • L: Nutrition
        • Natural Sciences
        • A: Physics & Space Science
        • B: Chemistry
        • C: Biological Science
        • D: Agriculture & Veterinary
        • E: Marine Science
        • F: Mathematics & Decision
        • G: Bio-Tech & Genetics
        • H: Environment & Environmental geology
        • I: Interdisciplinary
        • Human-Social Science​
        • A: Arts & Humanities
        • B: Geography, Environmental Science & Disaster Management
        • C: Sociology & Culture
        • D: History, Archaeology & Anthropology
        • E: Economics
        • F: Political Science
        • G: Linguistics & Education
        • H: Interdisciplinary
        Computer Science

        • Computer Science​
        • A: Hardware & Computation
        • B: Cloud & Distributed
        • C: Software & Data Engineering
        • D: Neural & AI
        • E: Network, Web & Security
        • F: Graphics & Vision
        • G: Interdisciplinary
        • H: Information & Technology

        Engineering

        • Engineering​
        • A : Mechanical & Mechanics
        • B: Automotive Engineering
        • C: Chemical Engineering
        • D: Aerospace Engineering
        • E: Civil & Structural
        • F: Electrical & Electronic
        • G: Industrial Engineering
        • H: Robotics & Nano-Tech
        • I: Numerical Methods
        • J: General Engineering

        Management & Business​​

        • Management & Business​
        • A: Administration & Management
        • B: Economic & Commerce
        • C: Finance
        • D: Accounting & Auditing
        • E: Marketing
        • F: Real estate, Event, Tourism Management & Transporting
        • G: Interdisciplinary

        Medical Research​​

        • Medical Research​
        • A: Neurology & Nervous System
        • B: Pharma, Drug Discovery, Toxicology & Medicine
        • C: Microbiology & Pathology
        • D: Radiology, Diagnostic
        • E: Gynecology & Obstetrics
        • F: Diseases
        • G: Veterinary Science & Veterinary Medicine
        • H: Orthopedic & Musculoskeletal System
        • I: Surgeries & Cardiovascular System
        • J: Dentistry & Otolaryngology
        • K: Interdisciplinary
        • L: Nutrition

        Natural Sciences

        • Frontier Research​
        • A: Physics & Space Science
        • B: Chemistry
        • C: Biological Science
        • D: Agriculture & Veterinary
        • E: Marine Science
        • F: Mathematics & Decision
        • G: Bio-Tech & Genetics
        • H: Environment & Environmental geology
        • I: Interdisciplinary

        Human-Social Science​​

        • Human-Social Science​
        • A: Arts & Humanities
        • B: Geography, Environmental Science & Disaster Management
        • C: Sociology & Culture
        • D: History, Archaeology & Anthropology
        • E: Economics
        • F: Political Science
        • G: Linguistics & Education
        • H: Interdisciplinary

  • Board
        • Editorial Board
        • Editorial Board
        • Editorial Rules
        • Editorial Policies
        • Editor Rights
        • Audit & Service
        • Editorial Guide
        • New Editor Help
        • Editor Role
        • Submission Sys
        • Media Relations
        • Editorial Platform
        • Research Tool
        • Visibility
        Become an Editor
        • Reviewer Board​
        • Reviewer Board
        • Reviewer Policy
        • Reviewer Rights
        • Reviewer Tools
        • Reviewer Guide
        • Peer Review Tips
        • Marketing Info
        Become a Reviewer
        • Fellow Member
        • Computer Science​
        • Engineering​
        • Management & Business​
        • Medical Research​
        • Natural Sciences
        • Human-Social Science​
        • Institutional Fellow
        • Fellow​
        • Comp Council
        • Engg Council
        • Mgmt Council
        • Social-Sci Council
        • Medical Council
        • Science Council
        Apply for Fellow
        Editorial Board​

        • Editorial Rules
        • Editorial Policies
        • Editor Rights
        • Audit & Service
        • Editorial Guide
        • New Editor Help
        • Editor Role
        • Submission Sys
        • Media Relations
        • Editorial Platform
        • Research Tool
        • Visibility
        Apply for Editor

        Reviewer Board

        • Reviewer Board
        • Reviewer Policy
        • Reviewer Rights
        • Reviewer Tools
        • Reviewer Guide
        • Peer Review Tips
        • Marketing Info
        Apply for Reviewer

        Fellow

        • Comp Council
        • Engg Council
        • Mgmt Council
        • Social-Sci Council
        • Medical Council
        • Science Council

  • Guidelines
        • Authors
        • Track Article
        • Share Article
        • Image Standards
        • Author Tools
        • Social Media Code
        • Promote Journals
        • Author Rights
        • Special issues
        • Research Tips
        • How to Publish​
        • Author Guide
        • Why Choose Us
        • Publish Steps
        • Find journal
        • Readers​
        • Reader Guide
        • Subscription
        • Stay Tuned
        • Usage Rights
        • Reader Tools
        • Librarians​
        • Librarian guide
        • Subscription
        • Access Policy
        • License & Rights
        Authors

        • Track Article
        • Share Article
        • Image Standards
        • Author Tools
        • Social Media Code
        • Promote Journals
        • Author Rights
        • Special issues
        • Research Tips

        How to publish

        • Author Guide
        • Why Choose Us
        • Publish Steps
        • Find journal

        Readers

        • Reader Guide
        • Subscription
        • Stay Tuned
        • Usage Rights
        • Reader Tools

        Librarians

        • Librarian guide
        • Subscription
        • Access Policy
        • License & Rights

  • Services
        • External Manuscripts Prep
        • English editing
        • Scientific editing
        • Book editing
        • Translation
        • Manuscript formatting
        • Artwork preparation
        • Expert Review
        • Similarity review report
        • LaTeX Conversion
        • Publication​
        • Publish Book Thesis
        • Thesis Publish
        • Proceeding Publish
        • Journal Publish
        • Video Publish
        • Communication​
        • Impact Summary
        • Video Highlight
        • Headline Graphic
        • Research Graphic
        • Graphical Abs
        • Technology​
        • Research Implement
        • Data Bank
        • AI Solutions
        • Hire a Research Assistant
        • Call for Paper​
        • Computer Science
        • Engineering
        • Management
        • Human Science
        • Medical Research
        • Frontier Science
        External Manuscripts Prep​

        • English editing
        • Scientific editing
        • Book editing
        • Translation
        • Manuscript formatting
        • Artwork preparation
        • Expert Review
        • Similarity review report
        • LaTeX Conversion

        Publication​​

        • Book Publish
        • eBook Publish
        • Thesis Publish
        • Proceeding Publish
        • Journal Publish
        • Video Publish

        Communication​​

        • Impact Summary
        • Video Highlight
        • Headline Graphic
        • Research Graphic
        • Graphical Abs
        • Advertise With Us

        Technology

        • Research Implement
        • Data Bank
        • AI Solutions
        • Hire a Research Assistant

        Call for Paper​​

        • Computer Science
        • Engineering
        • Management
        • Human Science
        • Medical Research
        • Frontier Science

  • Support
        • Readers
        • Individual
        • Academia
        • Government
        • Industry
        • Publishers
        • Librarians
        • Stay in touch
        • Subscription
        • Advertisers
        • Advertise with Us
        • Journal Advertisement
        • Website Advertisement
        • Authors
        • Order for certificate
        • Request for Invitation
        • Press Room
        • Media Contact
        • Research News
        • Get in touch
        • Plagiarism Objection
        • Unsubscribe
        • Feedback
        • Submit Testimonial
        • Inspire Us
        • Author FAQ
        • Contact Us
        Readers​

        • Individual
        • Academia
        • Government
        • Industry
        • Publishers

        Librarians​

        • Stay in touch
        • Subscription
        • Access Subscription
        • Subscribed Journals

        Advertisers

        • Advertising terms and conditions
        • Journal Advertisement
        • Website Advertisement

        Authors

        • Order for certificate
        • Request for Invitation

        Press Room​

        • Media Contact
        • Research News

        Get in touch​

        • Plagiarism Objection
        • Unsubscribe
        • Reviewers profile
        • Feedback
        • Submit Testimonial
        • Inspire Us
        • FAQ
        • Contact Us

  • Home
  • About
        • Company
        • About us
        • What we stand for
        • AI & Innovation
        • Our Platforms
        • Careers
        • Open Research
        • Partners
        • Governance
        • Organization
        • Code Conduct
        • Board Rules
        • Policies
        • AI Policy
        • Misconduct
        • Anti-Corruption
        • Peer Review
        • Content Care
        • Citations
        • Third-Party Use
        • Retraction Guide
        • Ethics
        • Research Ethics
        • Ethics Code
        • Standards
        • Critical thinking
        • Responsibility
        • Corp. Responsibility
        • Sustainability
        • Ethics Oversight
        • DEI Statement
        • Social Impact
        • Data Care
        • Climate Action
        • Publising
        • Open access
        • Confidentiality
        • Acknowledgements
        • Refund Policy
        • Authorship Disputes
        • Plagiarism
        Company

        • About us
        • What we stand for
        • AI & Innovation
        • Our Platforms
        • Careers
        • Open Research
        • Partners

        Governance

        • Organization
        • Code Conduct
        • Board Rules

        Policies

        • AI Policy
        • Misconduct
        • Anti-Corruption
        • Peer Review
        • Content Care
        • Citations
        • Third-Party Use
        • Retraction Guide

        Ethics

        • Research Ethics
        • Ethics Code
        • Standards
        • Critical thinking

        Responsibility​

        • Corp. Responsibility
        • Sustainability
        • Ethics Oversight
        • DEI Statement
        • Social Impact
        • Data Care
        • Climate Action

        Publising​

        • Open access
        • Confidentiality
        • Acknowledgements
        • Refund Policy
        • Authorship Disputes
        • Plagiarism

  • Journals
        • Computer Science​
        • A: Hardware & Computation
        • B: Cloud & Distributed
        • C: Software & Data Engineering
        • D: Neural & AI
        • E: Network, Web & Security
        • F: Graphics & Vision
        • G: Interdisciplinary
        • H: Information & Technology
        • Engineering​
        • A : Mechanical & Mechanics
        • B: Automotive Engineering
        • C: Chemical Engineering
        • D: Aerospace Engineering
        • E: Civil & Structural
        • F: Electrical & Electronic
        • G: Industrial Engineering
        • H: Robotics & Nano-Tech
        • I: Numerical Methods
        • J: General Engineering
        • Management & Business​
        • A: Administration & Management
        • B: Economic & Commerce
        • C: Finance
        • D: Accounting & Auditing
        • E: Marketing
        • F: Real estate, Event, Tourism Management & Transporting
        • G: Interdisciplinary
        • Medical Research​
        • A: Neurology & Nervous System
        • B: Pharma, Drug Discovery, Toxicology & Medicine
        • C: Microbiology & Pathology
        • D: Radiology, Diagnostic
        • E: Gynecology & Obstetrics
        • F: Diseases
        • G: Veterinary Science & Veterinary Medicine
        • H: Orthopedic & Musculoskeletal System
        • I: Surgeries & Cardiovascular System
        • J: Dentistry & Otolaryngology
        • K: Interdisciplinary
        • L: Nutrition
        • Natural Sciences
        • A: Physics & Space Science
        • B: Chemistry
        • C: Biological Science
        • D: Agriculture & Veterinary
        • E: Marine Science
        • F: Mathematics & Decision
        • G: Bio-Tech & Genetics
        • H: Environment & Environmental geology
        • I: Interdisciplinary
        • Human-Social Science​
        • A: Arts & Humanities
        • B: Geography, Environmental Science & Disaster Management
        • C: Sociology & Culture
        • D: History, Archaeology & Anthropology
        • E: Economics
        • F: Political Science
        • G: Linguistics & Education
        • H: Interdisciplinary
        Computer Science

        • Computer Science​
        • A: Hardware & Computation
        • B: Cloud & Distributed
        • C: Software & Data Engineering
        • D: Neural & AI
        • E: Network, Web & Security
        • F: Graphics & Vision
        • G: Interdisciplinary
        • H: Information & Technology

        Engineering

        • Engineering​
        • A : Mechanical & Mechanics
        • B: Automotive Engineering
        • C: Chemical Engineering
        • D: Aerospace Engineering
        • E: Civil & Structural
        • F: Electrical & Electronic
        • G: Industrial Engineering
        • H: Robotics & Nano-Tech
        • I: Numerical Methods
        • J: General Engineering

        Management & Business​​

        • Management & Business​
        • A: Administration & Management
        • B: Economic & Commerce
        • C: Finance
        • D: Accounting & Auditing
        • E: Marketing
        • F: Real estate, Event, Tourism Management & Transporting
        • G: Interdisciplinary

        Medical Research​​

        • Medical Research​
        • A: Neurology & Nervous System
        • B: Pharma, Drug Discovery, Toxicology & Medicine
        • C: Microbiology & Pathology
        • D: Radiology, Diagnostic
        • E: Gynecology & Obstetrics
        • F: Diseases
        • G: Veterinary Science & Veterinary Medicine
        • H: Orthopedic & Musculoskeletal System
        • I: Surgeries & Cardiovascular System
        • J: Dentistry & Otolaryngology
        • K: Interdisciplinary
        • L: Nutrition

        Natural Sciences

        • Frontier Research​
        • A: Physics & Space Science
        • B: Chemistry
        • C: Biological Science
        • D: Agriculture & Veterinary
        • E: Marine Science
        • F: Mathematics & Decision
        • G: Bio-Tech & Genetics
        • H: Environment & Environmental geology
        • I: Interdisciplinary

        Human-Social Science​​

        • Human-Social Science​
        • A: Arts & Humanities
        • B: Geography, Environmental Science & Disaster Management
        • C: Sociology & Culture
        • D: History, Archaeology & Anthropology
        • E: Economics
        • F: Political Science
        • G: Linguistics & Education
        • H: Interdisciplinary

  • Board
        • Editorial Board
        • Editorial Board
        • Editorial Rules
        • Editorial Policies
        • Editor Rights
        • Audit & Service
        • Editorial Guide
        • New Editor Help
        • Editor Role
        • Submission Sys
        • Media Relations
        • Editorial Platform
        • Research Tool
        • Visibility
        Become an Editor
        • Reviewer Board​
        • Reviewer Board
        • Reviewer Policy
        • Reviewer Rights
        • Reviewer Tools
        • Reviewer Guide
        • Peer Review Tips
        • Marketing Info
        Become a Reviewer
        • Fellow Member
        • Computer Science​
        • Engineering​
        • Management & Business​
        • Medical Research​
        • Natural Sciences
        • Human-Social Science​
        • Institutional Fellow
        • Fellow​
        • Comp Council
        • Engg Council
        • Mgmt Council
        • Social-Sci Council
        • Medical Council
        • Science Council
        Apply for Fellow
        Editorial Board​

        • Editorial Rules
        • Editorial Policies
        • Editor Rights
        • Audit & Service
        • Editorial Guide
        • New Editor Help
        • Editor Role
        • Submission Sys
        • Media Relations
        • Editorial Platform
        • Research Tool
        • Visibility
        Apply for Editor

        Reviewer Board

        • Reviewer Board
        • Reviewer Policy
        • Reviewer Rights
        • Reviewer Tools
        • Reviewer Guide
        • Peer Review Tips
        • Marketing Info
        Apply for Reviewer

        Fellow

        • Comp Council
        • Engg Council
        • Mgmt Council
        • Social-Sci Council
        • Medical Council
        • Science Council

  • Guidelines
        • Authors
        • Track Article
        • Share Article
        • Image Standards
        • Author Tools
        • Social Media Code
        • Promote Journals
        • Author Rights
        • Special issues
        • Research Tips
        • How to Publish​
        • Author Guide
        • Why Choose Us
        • Publish Steps
        • Find journal
        • Readers​
        • Reader Guide
        • Subscription
        • Stay Tuned
        • Usage Rights
        • Reader Tools
        • Librarians​
        • Librarian guide
        • Subscription
        • Access Policy
        • License & Rights
        Authors

        • Track Article
        • Share Article
        • Image Standards
        • Author Tools
        • Social Media Code
        • Promote Journals
        • Author Rights
        • Special issues
        • Research Tips

        How to publish

        • Author Guide
        • Why Choose Us
        • Publish Steps
        • Find journal

        Readers

        • Reader Guide
        • Subscription
        • Stay Tuned
        • Usage Rights
        • Reader Tools

        Librarians

        • Librarian guide
        • Subscription
        • Access Policy
        • License & Rights

  • Services
        • External Manuscripts Prep
        • English editing
        • Scientific editing
        • Book editing
        • Translation
        • Manuscript formatting
        • Artwork preparation
        • Expert Review
        • Similarity review report
        • LaTeX Conversion
        • Publication​
        • Publish Book Thesis
        • Thesis Publish
        • Proceeding Publish
        • Journal Publish
        • Video Publish
        • Communication​
        • Impact Summary
        • Video Highlight
        • Headline Graphic
        • Research Graphic
        • Graphical Abs
        • Technology​
        • Research Implement
        • Data Bank
        • AI Solutions
        • Hire a Research Assistant
        • Call for Paper​
        • Computer Science
        • Engineering
        • Management
        • Human Science
        • Medical Research
        • Frontier Science
        External Manuscripts Prep​

        • English editing
        • Scientific editing
        • Book editing
        • Translation
        • Manuscript formatting
        • Artwork preparation
        • Expert Review
        • Similarity review report
        • LaTeX Conversion

        Publication​​

        • Book Publish
        • eBook Publish
        • Thesis Publish
        • Proceeding Publish
        • Journal Publish
        • Video Publish

        Communication​​

        • Impact Summary
        • Video Highlight
        • Headline Graphic
        • Research Graphic
        • Graphical Abs
        • Advertise With Us

        Technology

        • Research Implement
        • Data Bank
        • AI Solutions
        • Hire a Research Assistant

        Call for Paper​​

        • Computer Science
        • Engineering
        • Management
        • Human Science
        • Medical Research
        • Frontier Science

  • Support
        • Readers
        • Individual
        • Academia
        • Government
        • Industry
        • Publishers
        • Librarians
        • Stay in touch
        • Subscription
        • Advertisers
        • Advertise with Us
        • Journal Advertisement
        • Website Advertisement
        • Authors
        • Order for certificate
        • Request for Invitation
        • Press Room
        • Media Contact
        • Research News
        • Get in touch
        • Plagiarism Objection
        • Unsubscribe
        • Feedback
        • Submit Testimonial
        • Inspire Us
        • Author FAQ
        • Contact Us
        Readers​

        • Individual
        • Academia
        • Government
        • Industry
        • Publishers

        Librarians​

        • Stay in touch
        • Subscription
        • Access Subscription
        • Subscribed Journals

        Advertisers

        • Advertising terms and conditions
        • Journal Advertisement
        • Website Advertisement

        Authors

        • Order for certificate
        • Request for Invitation

        Press Room​

        • Media Contact
        • Research News

        Get in touch​

        • Plagiarism Objection
        • Unsubscribe
        • Reviewers profile
        • Feedback
        • Submit Testimonial
        • Inspire Us
        • FAQ
        • Contact Us

Login
  • Home
  • About
        • Company
        • About us
        • What we stand for
        • AI & Innovation
        • Our Platforms
        • Careers
        • Open Research
        • Partners
        • Governance
        • Organization
        • Code Conduct
        • Board Rules
        • Policies
        • AI Policy
        • Misconduct
        • Anti-Corruption
        • Peer Review
        • Content Care
        • Citations
        • Third-Party Use
        • Retraction Guide
        • Ethics
        • Research Ethics
        • Ethics Code
        • Standards
        • Critical thinking
        • Responsibility
        • Corp. Responsibility
        • Sustainability
        • Ethics Oversight
        • DEI Statement
        • Social Impact
        • Data Care
        • Climate Action
        • Publising
        • Open access
        • Confidentiality
        • Acknowledgements
        • Refund Policy
        • Authorship Disputes
        • Plagiarism
        Company

        • About us
        • What we stand for
        • AI & Innovation
        • Our Platforms
        • Careers
        • Open Research
        • Partners

        Governance

        • Organization
        • Code Conduct
        • Board Rules

        Policies

        • AI Policy
        • Misconduct
        • Anti-Corruption
        • Peer Review
        • Content Care
        • Citations
        • Third-Party Use
        • Retraction Guide

        Ethics

        • Research Ethics
        • Ethics Code
        • Standards
        • Critical thinking

        Responsibility​

        • Corp. Responsibility
        • Sustainability
        • Ethics Oversight
        • DEI Statement
        • Social Impact
        • Data Care
        • Climate Action

        Publising​

        • Open access
        • Confidentiality
        • Acknowledgements
        • Refund Policy
        • Authorship Disputes
        • Plagiarism

  • Journals
        • Computer Science​
        • A: Hardware & Computation
        • B: Cloud & Distributed
        • C: Software & Data Engineering
        • D: Neural & AI
        • E: Network, Web & Security
        • F: Graphics & Vision
        • G: Interdisciplinary
        • H: Information & Technology
        • Engineering​
        • A : Mechanical & Mechanics
        • B: Automotive Engineering
        • C: Chemical Engineering
        • D: Aerospace Engineering
        • E: Civil & Structural
        • F: Electrical & Electronic
        • G: Industrial Engineering
        • H: Robotics & Nano-Tech
        • I: Numerical Methods
        • J: General Engineering
        • Management & Business​
        • A: Administration & Management
        • B: Economic & Commerce
        • C: Finance
        • D: Accounting & Auditing
        • E: Marketing
        • F: Real estate, Event, Tourism Management & Transporting
        • G: Interdisciplinary
        • Medical Research​
        • A: Neurology & Nervous System
        • B: Pharma, Drug Discovery, Toxicology & Medicine
        • C: Microbiology & Pathology
        • D: Radiology, Diagnostic
        • E: Gynecology & Obstetrics
        • F: Diseases
        • G: Veterinary Science & Veterinary Medicine
        • H: Orthopedic & Musculoskeletal System
        • I: Surgeries & Cardiovascular System
        • J: Dentistry & Otolaryngology
        • K: Interdisciplinary
        • L: Nutrition
        • Natural Sciences
        • A: Physics & Space Science
        • B: Chemistry
        • C: Biological Science
        • D: Agriculture & Veterinary
        • E: Marine Science
        • F: Mathematics & Decision
        • G: Bio-Tech & Genetics
        • H: Environment & Environmental geology
        • I: Interdisciplinary
        • Human-Social Science​
        • A: Arts & Humanities
        • B: Geography, Environmental Science & Disaster Management
        • C: Sociology & Culture
        • D: History, Archaeology & Anthropology
        • E: Economics
        • F: Political Science
        • G: Linguistics & Education
        • H: Interdisciplinary
        Computer Science

        • Computer Science​
        • A: Hardware & Computation
        • B: Cloud & Distributed
        • C: Software & Data Engineering
        • D: Neural & AI
        • E: Network, Web & Security
        • F: Graphics & Vision
        • G: Interdisciplinary
        • H: Information & Technology

        Engineering

        • Engineering​
        • A : Mechanical & Mechanics
        • B: Automotive Engineering
        • C: Chemical Engineering
        • D: Aerospace Engineering
        • E: Civil & Structural
        • F: Electrical & Electronic
        • G: Industrial Engineering
        • H: Robotics & Nano-Tech
        • I: Numerical Methods
        • J: General Engineering

        Management & Business​​

        • Management & Business​
        • A: Administration & Management
        • B: Economic & Commerce
        • C: Finance
        • D: Accounting & Auditing
        • E: Marketing
        • F: Real estate, Event, Tourism Management & Transporting
        • G: Interdisciplinary

        Medical Research​​

        • Medical Research​
        • A: Neurology & Nervous System
        • B: Pharma, Drug Discovery, Toxicology & Medicine
        • C: Microbiology & Pathology
        • D: Radiology, Diagnostic
        • E: Gynecology & Obstetrics
        • F: Diseases
        • G: Veterinary Science & Veterinary Medicine
        • H: Orthopedic & Musculoskeletal System
        • I: Surgeries & Cardiovascular System
        • J: Dentistry & Otolaryngology
        • K: Interdisciplinary
        • L: Nutrition

        Natural Sciences

        • Frontier Research​
        • A: Physics & Space Science
        • B: Chemistry
        • C: Biological Science
        • D: Agriculture & Veterinary
        • E: Marine Science
        • F: Mathematics & Decision
        • G: Bio-Tech & Genetics
        • H: Environment & Environmental geology
        • I: Interdisciplinary

        Human-Social Science​​

        • Human-Social Science​
        • A: Arts & Humanities
        • B: Geography, Environmental Science & Disaster Management
        • C: Sociology & Culture
        • D: History, Archaeology & Anthropology
        • E: Economics
        • F: Political Science
        • G: Linguistics & Education
        • H: Interdisciplinary

  • Board
        • Editorial Board
        • Editorial Board
        • Editorial Rules
        • Editorial Policies
        • Editor Rights
        • Audit & Service
        • Editorial Guide
        • New Editor Help
        • Editor Role
        • Submission Sys
        • Media Relations
        • Editorial Platform
        • Research Tool
        • Visibility
        Become an Editor
        • Reviewer Board​
        • Reviewer Board
        • Reviewer Policy
        • Reviewer Rights
        • Reviewer Tools
        • Reviewer Guide
        • Peer Review Tips
        • Marketing Info
        Become a Reviewer
        • Fellow Member
        • Computer Science​
        • Engineering​
        • Management & Business​
        • Medical Research​
        • Natural Sciences
        • Human-Social Science​
        • Institutional Fellow
        • Fellow​
        • Comp Council
        • Engg Council
        • Mgmt Council
        • Social-Sci Council
        • Medical Council
        • Science Council
        Apply for Fellow
        Editorial Board​

        • Editorial Rules
        • Editorial Policies
        • Editor Rights
        • Audit & Service
        • Editorial Guide
        • New Editor Help
        • Editor Role
        • Submission Sys
        • Media Relations
        • Editorial Platform
        • Research Tool
        • Visibility
        Apply for Editor

        Reviewer Board

        • Reviewer Board
        • Reviewer Policy
        • Reviewer Rights
        • Reviewer Tools
        • Reviewer Guide
        • Peer Review Tips
        • Marketing Info
        Apply for Reviewer

        Fellow

        • Comp Council
        • Engg Council
        • Mgmt Council
        • Social-Sci Council
        • Medical Council
        • Science Council

  • Guidelines
        • Authors
        • Track Article
        • Share Article
        • Image Standards
        • Author Tools
        • Social Media Code
        • Promote Journals
        • Author Rights
        • Special issues
        • Research Tips
        • How to Publish​
        • Author Guide
        • Why Choose Us
        • Publish Steps
        • Find journal
        • Readers​
        • Reader Guide
        • Subscription
        • Stay Tuned
        • Usage Rights
        • Reader Tools
        • Librarians​
        • Librarian guide
        • Subscription
        • Access Policy
        • License & Rights
        Authors

        • Track Article
        • Share Article
        • Image Standards
        • Author Tools
        • Social Media Code
        • Promote Journals
        • Author Rights
        • Special issues
        • Research Tips

        How to publish

        • Author Guide
        • Why Choose Us
        • Publish Steps
        • Find journal

        Readers

        • Reader Guide
        • Subscription
        • Stay Tuned
        • Usage Rights
        • Reader Tools

        Librarians

        • Librarian guide
        • Subscription
        • Access Policy
        • License & Rights

  • Services
        • External Manuscripts Prep
        • English editing
        • Scientific editing
        • Book editing
        • Translation
        • Manuscript formatting
        • Artwork preparation
        • Expert Review
        • Similarity review report
        • LaTeX Conversion
        • Publication​
        • Publish Book Thesis
        • Thesis Publish
        • Proceeding Publish
        • Journal Publish
        • Video Publish
        • Communication​
        • Impact Summary
        • Video Highlight
        • Headline Graphic
        • Research Graphic
        • Graphical Abs
        • Technology​
        • Research Implement
        • Data Bank
        • AI Solutions
        • Hire a Research Assistant
        • Call for Paper​
        • Computer Science
        • Engineering
        • Management
        • Human Science
        • Medical Research
        • Frontier Science
        External Manuscripts Prep​

        • English editing
        • Scientific editing
        • Book editing
        • Translation
        • Manuscript formatting
        • Artwork preparation
        • Expert Review
        • Similarity review report
        • LaTeX Conversion

        Publication​​

        • Book Publish
        • eBook Publish
        • Thesis Publish
        • Proceeding Publish
        • Journal Publish
        • Video Publish

        Communication​​

        • Impact Summary
        • Video Highlight
        • Headline Graphic
        • Research Graphic
        • Graphical Abs
        • Advertise With Us

        Technology

        • Research Implement
        • Data Bank
        • AI Solutions
        • Hire a Research Assistant

        Call for Paper​​

        • Computer Science
        • Engineering
        • Management
        • Human Science
        • Medical Research
        • Frontier Science

  • Support
        • Readers
        • Individual
        • Academia
        • Government
        • Industry
        • Publishers
        • Librarians
        • Stay in touch
        • Subscription
        • Advertisers
        • Advertise with Us
        • Journal Advertisement
        • Website Advertisement
        • Authors
        • Order for certificate
        • Request for Invitation
        • Press Room
        • Media Contact
        • Research News
        • Get in touch
        • Plagiarism Objection
        • Unsubscribe
        • Feedback
        • Submit Testimonial
        • Inspire Us
        • Author FAQ
        • Contact Us
        Readers​

        • Individual
        • Academia
        • Government
        • Industry
        • Publishers

        Librarians​

        • Stay in touch
        • Subscription
        • Access Subscription
        • Subscribed Journals

        Advertisers

        • Advertising terms and conditions
        • Journal Advertisement
        • Website Advertisement

        Authors

        • Order for certificate
        • Request for Invitation

        Press Room​

        • Media Contact
        • Research News

        Get in touch​

        • Plagiarism Objection
        • Unsubscribe
        • Reviewers profile
        • Feedback
        • Submit Testimonial
        • Inspire Us
        • FAQ
        • Contact Us

  • Home
  • About
        • Company
        • About us
        • What we stand for
        • AI & Innovation
        • Our Platforms
        • Careers
        • Open Research
        • Partners
        • Governance
        • Organization
        • Code Conduct
        • Board Rules
        • Policies
        • AI Policy
        • Misconduct
        • Anti-Corruption
        • Peer Review
        • Content Care
        • Citations
        • Third-Party Use
        • Retraction Guide
        • Ethics
        • Research Ethics
        • Ethics Code
        • Standards
        • Critical thinking
        • Responsibility
        • Corp. Responsibility
        • Sustainability
        • Ethics Oversight
        • DEI Statement
        • Social Impact
        • Data Care
        • Climate Action
        • Publising
        • Open access
        • Confidentiality
        • Acknowledgements
        • Refund Policy
        • Authorship Disputes
        • Plagiarism
        Company

        • About us
        • What we stand for
        • AI & Innovation
        • Our Platforms
        • Careers
        • Open Research
        • Partners

        Governance

        • Organization
        • Code Conduct
        • Board Rules

        Policies

        • AI Policy
        • Misconduct
        • Anti-Corruption
        • Peer Review
        • Content Care
        • Citations
        • Third-Party Use
        • Retraction Guide

        Ethics

        • Research Ethics
        • Ethics Code
        • Standards
        • Critical thinking

        Responsibility​

        • Corp. Responsibility
        • Sustainability
        • Ethics Oversight
        • DEI Statement
        • Social Impact
        • Data Care
        • Climate Action

        Publising​

        • Open access
        • Confidentiality
        • Acknowledgements
        • Refund Policy
        • Authorship Disputes
        • Plagiarism

  • Journals
        • Computer Science​
        • A: Hardware & Computation
        • B: Cloud & Distributed
        • C: Software & Data Engineering
        • D: Neural & AI
        • E: Network, Web & Security
        • F: Graphics & Vision
        • G: Interdisciplinary
        • H: Information & Technology
        • Engineering​
        • A : Mechanical & Mechanics
        • B: Automotive Engineering
        • C: Chemical Engineering
        • D: Aerospace Engineering
        • E: Civil & Structural
        • F: Electrical & Electronic
        • G: Industrial Engineering
        • H: Robotics & Nano-Tech
        • I: Numerical Methods
        • J: General Engineering
        • Management & Business​
        • A: Administration & Management
        • B: Economic & Commerce
        • C: Finance
        • D: Accounting & Auditing
        • E: Marketing
        • F: Real estate, Event, Tourism Management & Transporting
        • G: Interdisciplinary
        • Medical Research​
        • A: Neurology & Nervous System
        • B: Pharma, Drug Discovery, Toxicology & Medicine
        • C: Microbiology & Pathology
        • D: Radiology, Diagnostic
        • E: Gynecology & Obstetrics
        • F: Diseases
        • G: Veterinary Science & Veterinary Medicine
        • H: Orthopedic & Musculoskeletal System
        • I: Surgeries & Cardiovascular System
        • J: Dentistry & Otolaryngology
        • K: Interdisciplinary
        • L: Nutrition
        • Natural Sciences
        • A: Physics & Space Science
        • B: Chemistry
        • C: Biological Science
        • D: Agriculture & Veterinary
        • E: Marine Science
        • F: Mathematics & Decision
        • G: Bio-Tech & Genetics
        • H: Environment & Environmental geology
        • I: Interdisciplinary
        • Human-Social Science​
        • A: Arts & Humanities
        • B: Geography, Environmental Science & Disaster Management
        • C: Sociology & Culture
        • D: History, Archaeology & Anthropology
        • E: Economics
        • F: Political Science
        • G: Linguistics & Education
        • H: Interdisciplinary
        Computer Science

        • Computer Science​
        • A: Hardware & Computation
        • B: Cloud & Distributed
        • C: Software & Data Engineering
        • D: Neural & AI
        • E: Network, Web & Security
        • F: Graphics & Vision
        • G: Interdisciplinary
        • H: Information & Technology

        Engineering

        • Engineering​
        • A : Mechanical & Mechanics
        • B: Automotive Engineering
        • C: Chemical Engineering
        • D: Aerospace Engineering
        • E: Civil & Structural
        • F: Electrical & Electronic
        • G: Industrial Engineering
        • H: Robotics & Nano-Tech
        • I: Numerical Methods
        • J: General Engineering

        Management & Business​​

        • Management & Business​
        • A: Administration & Management
        • B: Economic & Commerce
        • C: Finance
        • D: Accounting & Auditing
        • E: Marketing
        • F: Real estate, Event, Tourism Management & Transporting
        • G: Interdisciplinary

        Medical Research​​

        • Medical Research​
        • A: Neurology & Nervous System
        • B: Pharma, Drug Discovery, Toxicology & Medicine
        • C: Microbiology & Pathology
        • D: Radiology, Diagnostic
        • E: Gynecology & Obstetrics
        • F: Diseases
        • G: Veterinary Science & Veterinary Medicine
        • H: Orthopedic & Musculoskeletal System
        • I: Surgeries & Cardiovascular System
        • J: Dentistry & Otolaryngology
        • K: Interdisciplinary
        • L: Nutrition

        Natural Sciences

        • Frontier Research​
        • A: Physics & Space Science
        • B: Chemistry
        • C: Biological Science
        • D: Agriculture & Veterinary
        • E: Marine Science
        • F: Mathematics & Decision
        • G: Bio-Tech & Genetics
        • H: Environment & Environmental geology
        • I: Interdisciplinary

        Human-Social Science​​

        • Human-Social Science​
        • A: Arts & Humanities
        • B: Geography, Environmental Science & Disaster Management
        • C: Sociology & Culture
        • D: History, Archaeology & Anthropology
        • E: Economics
        • F: Political Science
        • G: Linguistics & Education
        • H: Interdisciplinary

  • Board
        • Editorial Board
        • Editorial Board
        • Editorial Rules
        • Editorial Policies
        • Editor Rights
        • Audit & Service
        • Editorial Guide
        • New Editor Help
        • Editor Role
        • Submission Sys
        • Media Relations
        • Editorial Platform
        • Research Tool
        • Visibility
        Become an Editor
        • Reviewer Board​
        • Reviewer Board
        • Reviewer Policy
        • Reviewer Rights
        • Reviewer Tools
        • Reviewer Guide
        • Peer Review Tips
        • Marketing Info
        Become a Reviewer
        • Fellow Member
        • Computer Science​
        • Engineering​
        • Management & Business​
        • Medical Research​
        • Natural Sciences
        • Human-Social Science​
        • Institutional Fellow
        • Fellow​
        • Comp Council
        • Engg Council
        • Mgmt Council
        • Social-Sci Council
        • Medical Council
        • Science Council
        Apply for Fellow
        Editorial Board​

        • Editorial Rules
        • Editorial Policies
        • Editor Rights
        • Audit & Service
        • Editorial Guide
        • New Editor Help
        • Editor Role
        • Submission Sys
        • Media Relations
        • Editorial Platform
        • Research Tool
        • Visibility
        Apply for Editor

        Reviewer Board

        • Reviewer Board
        • Reviewer Policy
        • Reviewer Rights
        • Reviewer Tools
        • Reviewer Guide
        • Peer Review Tips
        • Marketing Info
        Apply for Reviewer

        Fellow

        • Comp Council
        • Engg Council
        • Mgmt Council
        • Social-Sci Council
        • Medical Council
        • Science Council

  • Guidelines
        • Authors
        • Track Article
        • Share Article
        • Image Standards
        • Author Tools
        • Social Media Code
        • Promote Journals
        • Author Rights
        • Special issues
        • Research Tips
        • How to Publish​
        • Author Guide
        • Why Choose Us
        • Publish Steps
        • Find journal
        • Readers​
        • Reader Guide
        • Subscription
        • Stay Tuned
        • Usage Rights
        • Reader Tools
        • Librarians​
        • Librarian guide
        • Subscription
        • Access Policy
        • License & Rights
        Authors

        • Track Article
        • Share Article
        • Image Standards
        • Author Tools
        • Social Media Code
        • Promote Journals
        • Author Rights
        • Special issues
        • Research Tips

        How to publish

        • Author Guide
        • Why Choose Us
        • Publish Steps
        • Find journal

        Readers

        • Reader Guide
        • Subscription
        • Stay Tuned
        • Usage Rights
        • Reader Tools

        Librarians

        • Librarian guide
        • Subscription
        • Access Policy
        • License & Rights

  • Services
        • External Manuscripts Prep
        • English editing
        • Scientific editing
        • Book editing
        • Translation
        • Manuscript formatting
        • Artwork preparation
        • Expert Review
        • Similarity review report
        • LaTeX Conversion
        • Publication​
        • Publish Book Thesis
        • Thesis Publish
        • Proceeding Publish
        • Journal Publish
        • Video Publish
        • Communication​
        • Impact Summary
        • Video Highlight
        • Headline Graphic
        • Research Graphic
        • Graphical Abs
        • Technology​
        • Research Implement
        • Data Bank
        • AI Solutions
        • Hire a Research Assistant
        • Call for Paper​
        • Computer Science
        • Engineering
        • Management
        • Human Science
        • Medical Research
        • Frontier Science
        External Manuscripts Prep​

        • English editing
        • Scientific editing
        • Book editing
        • Translation
        • Manuscript formatting
        • Artwork preparation
        • Expert Review
        • Similarity review report
        • LaTeX Conversion

        Publication​​

        • Book Publish
        • eBook Publish
        • Thesis Publish
        • Proceeding Publish
        • Journal Publish
        • Video Publish

        Communication​​

        • Impact Summary
        • Video Highlight
        • Headline Graphic
        • Research Graphic
        • Graphical Abs
        • Advertise With Us

        Technology

        • Research Implement
        • Data Bank
        • AI Solutions
        • Hire a Research Assistant

        Call for Paper​​

        • Computer Science
        • Engineering
        • Management
        • Human Science
        • Medical Research
        • Frontier Science

  • Support
        • Readers
        • Individual
        • Academia
        • Government
        • Industry
        • Publishers
        • Librarians
        • Stay in touch
        • Subscription
        • Advertisers
        • Advertise with Us
        • Journal Advertisement
        • Website Advertisement
        • Authors
        • Order for certificate
        • Request for Invitation
        • Press Room
        • Media Contact
        • Research News
        • Get in touch
        • Plagiarism Objection
        • Unsubscribe
        • Feedback
        • Submit Testimonial
        • Inspire Us
        • Author FAQ
        • Contact Us
        Readers​

        • Individual
        • Academia
        • Government
        • Industry
        • Publishers

        Librarians​

        • Stay in touch
        • Subscription
        • Access Subscription
        • Subscribed Journals

        Advertisers

        • Advertising terms and conditions
        • Journal Advertisement
        • Website Advertisement

        Authors

        • Order for certificate
        • Request for Invitation

        Press Room​

        • Media Contact
        • Research News

        Get in touch​

        • Plagiarism Objection
        • Unsubscribe
        • Reviewers profile
        • Feedback
        • Submit Testimonial
        • Inspire Us
        • FAQ
        • Contact Us

Login
GJHSS Volume 21 Issue B2

Management of Sustainable Cities in Nigeria: The Imperative of Urban Governance

david_victor_ogunkan
February 24, 2021

Abstract

Share share
  • .face-icon{fill:#fff;}
  • .tw-icon{fill:#fff;}
  • .ln-icon{fill:#fff;}
  • .pn-icon{fill:#fff;}

principal scientist

No posts were found for provided query parameters.

Categories
Microscope, scientist, research, laboratory, science, technology, academic research, biology, education, scientific study.
We believe in open projects
View more

Global Journals Publishing Group, Incorporated

USA Incorporation No. 0423089 | OARS Affiliation ID 4636/AO | USA Tax ID (EIN) 0980673227 | License No. 42125/022010/1186 | Registration No. 430374 | Import Export Code 1109007027

Headquarters

  • 945th Concord Street
  • Framingham,
  • Massachusetts, 01701
  • United States of America
  • Phone: +1 (430)-222-5445
  • WhatsApp: +1 805 970 2292
  • Business Hours:
  • Monday to Friday, 10 AM to 5 PM (BST/GMT)
Facebook-square Linkedin X-twitter Instagram

Your research is protected under certified information security standards.

Publishing

  • Submit Manuscript
  • Manuscript Tracking
  • Peer Review Process
  • Editorial Boards

Researchers

  • Author Guidelines
  • Research Ethics
  • Open Access
  • Copyright and Licensing
  • Rights and Responsibilities
  • Research Integrity

Policies

  • Acceptable Use Policy
  • Privacy Policy
  • Withdrawal Policy
  • Cookie Policy
  • Terms of Service
  • Disclaimer
  • DMCA
  • GDPR

Governance

  • Code of Conduct
  • Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
  • Anti Bribery and Anti Discrimination
  • Whistleblower Policy
  • Corporate Responsibility

Content is published under open-access, hybrid, or other publication models as stated on each article page. Authors are solely responsible for third-party permissions, licenses, and rights.

© 2026 Global Journals Publishing Group, Incorporated

Use of this website is governed by our Terms and Conditions, Privacy Policy, Cookie Policy, Disclaimer, and Rights Notice. Content published in Global Journals reflects the views and opinions of the respective authors. Authors are responsible for the originality, accuracy, permissions, and third-party rights of their submitted work. To the maximum extent permitted by law, all materials and services are provided “as is” without warranties of any kind, and no warranty or fitness for any purpose is implied. All trademarks and logos are the property of their respective owners. Removal, correction, or restriction of content is not an admission of liability. Information and services on this website are subject to change without notice.

Back to top

We use cookies and similar technologies to improve site performance, understand traffic, and enhance your publishing experience. Cookie Policy

Cookie settings

Global Journals privacy preferences

Choose which optional cookies Global Journals can use. Your preference applies across this platform and can be updated any time.

Necessary cookies

These cookies are required for core website functionality and security.

Always active
Privacy Policy Cookie Policy
Global Journals Publishing Group
0 results found