Research
Intestinal Parasitic Infections between Patients Attended to Soba University, Khartoum, Sudan, July-September 2016
Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are amongst the most common infections throughout the world. It is estimated that some 3.5 billion people are affected, and that 450 million are ill as a result of these infections, the majority being children. Rationale: Intestinal parasitic infections lead to nutritional deficiency and impaired physical developments which will have negative consequences on cognitive function and learning ability. Objective: To detect prevalence of intestinal protozoa among patients attended to soba university hospital during the period of the study. Material and Method: Descriptive, cross sectional study, stool specimens were collected from 113 patients attended to Soba university hospital and examined by wet preparation and concentration techniques. Discussion: Our result represent that the level of sanitation is moderate compared with other studies mentioned above, but we need to perform stool concentration methods to confirm this suggestion. Result: 15.92% of stool specimens examined were positive for intestinal parasites. Conclusion: Further studies are required with large sample size, long duration and stool concentration techniques.
The Prevalence of Breast Cancer among Selected Group of Sudanese Women with Infertility Disorders
Background: Breast cancer is the one of the most common oncological problems affecting many Sudanese women and some therapeutic methods of that type of cancer may lead to temporary or permanent infertility. Justification: There is no published data about the prevalence of breast cancer among infertile Sudanese women. Objectives: To know the prevalence of breast cancer among selected group of infertile Sudanese women attended to Banoon IVF center, Khartoum, Sudan, 2016. Method: Descriptive, cross sectional study, 100 infertile Sudanese women were involved in the study, from January to December2016. Result: The prevalence of breast cancer among the study group was: 6%. Discussion: Some treatments for breast cancer can cause temporary infertility and other treatments cause permanent and irreversible menopause, which means you are permanently infertile. Breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy run the risk of developing premature ovarian failure or very early menopause then the prevalence of infertility among the study group was high. Conclusion: Further studies must be done involving women from many nationalities and with large sample size. Acknowledgment: Special thanks to the participants and to the staff of Banoon IVF center for their cooperation and commitment.
The Average of HBA among Selected Group of Sudanese Pateints with Fertility Disorders
Background: Sperm hyaluronan binding may be an indicator of which sperm are most likely to produce a viable pregnancy. For example, mature, hyaluronan-binding sperm are essentially free of cytoplasmic inclusions. This is of great value since cytoplasmic inclusions are extremely difficult to see when selecting sperm to inject into eggs in an in vitro fertilization cycle. Rationale: There is no known data about the average of HBA among Sudanese patients with infertility problems. Objectives: To know the average of HBA among selected group of Sudanese patients with fertility disorders. Method: Men who are preparing to do in vitro fertilization with ICSI will be asked to collect a semen specimen in the same manner that they would for a conventional semen analysis. The semen is mixed with some media and placed on a special slide that has been coated with hyaluronan. Mature sperm will bind the hyaluronan (bound). These sperm will appear to have their heads stuck but with tails that show vigorous tail motion. Immature sperm will move freely (unbound Result: Average of HBA was 74.82% Discussion: The average of HBA among the participants was higher than normal and that means the reproduction disorder may probably occur in their females partners. Conclusion: We conclude that the average of HBA among the participants was normal. Recommendations: Further studies must be done with large sample size and the females partners should be diagnosed for infertility disorders. Acknowledgement: To all participants in the study for their collaboration and cooperation with the research team.
Prevalence of Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection among Reproductive Age Women Admitted to Soba University Hospital, Sudan
Introduction: Trichomonas vaginalis is an anaerobic, flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of Trichomoniasis. It is the most common pathogenic protozoan infection of humans in industrialized countries. Infection rates between men and women are similar with women being symptomatic, while infections in men are usually asymptomatic. Transmission usually occurs via direct, skin-toskin contact with an infected individual, most often through vaginal intercourse. The WHO has estimated that 160 million cases of infection are acquired annually worldwide. Justification: Trichomonas vaginalis infection may lead to serious complications, then early detection may prevent this complications. Objectives: To know the percentage of T. vaginalis infection among the selected group Material and Methods: Descriptive, cross sectional study, used urine specimens to diagnose T. vaginalis infection among selected group of Sudanese women. Result: 1.6% were infected with T. vaginalis. Discussion: The prevalence of Trichomoniasis among the study group is the lowest one in comparison to the previous studies. Conclusion: Many factors may lead to tat lowest result such as, type of the specimen, small sample size and Religion. Acknowledgement: I would like to thanks all the staff of microbiology and parasitology department at soba university hospital for their professional work and kind dealing to the patients and researchers.
Polycystic Related Acne among Selected Group of Sudanese Women with Infertility Disorders
Background: PCOS related acne is a sign of polycystic ovaries syndromes, which occur as a result of elevation in androgens levels. Justification: There is no published data about the polycystic related acne among Sudanese women with infertility disorders. Objectives: To know prevalence of polycystic related acne among selected group of Sudanese women with infertility disorder Method: Descriptive, cross- sectional study, 94 Sudanese women with infertility disorders were involved, based on clinical examination and observation. Result: 36.2% of participants had polycystic related acne. Discussion: The prevalence of acne among the study group is a good sign for polycystic ovary syndrome which is one of most common causes of female infertility Conclusion: More than one-third of the study group had polycystic ovaries related acne. Further studies must be done involving imaging and laboratory tests. Acknowledgement: To all participants in the study for their collaboration and cooperation with the research team.
Occupation and Male Infertility among Selected Group of Sudanese Patients with Infertility Disorders
Background: Occupation affect directly or indirectly the reproductive system of male and that may lead to serious complications, which may lead finally to male infertility. Justification: There is no published data about the association between occupation and fertility among Sudanese males. Objectives: To know which type of the occupations is associated with high infertility rate than the other jobs among the study group Method: Descriptive, cross sectional study, 157 participants involved in the study from different occupational environments. Result: Workers were the most affected group (29.2%) followed by shopkeepers (10.8%), drivers (10.2%), employees (8.2%), Engineers (7.6), Security officers (5.7%), teachers (3.2%), farmers (3.2%), medical (1.9%), butchers (1.2%), others (18.8%). Discussion: Occupation settings , overheated environment and work stress affect directly or indirectly in male fertility and may lead to infertility , our study agreed with that of B Baranski in points of the effects work settings and heat . Conclusion: Further studies should be done with large sample size Acknowledgement: To all persons whom participated in the study.
Entamoeba Coli as a Potent Phagocytic Microorganism
Background: Entamoeba coli is intestinal protozoan amoeba which is regarded tell now as commensal amoeba although their adverse symptoms that they may cause in certain patients. Objectives: General objectives: to know the phagocytic activity of Entamoeba coli against microorganisms. Specific objectives: to know the phagocytic activity of Entamoeba coli against microorganisms that inhabit the intestinal tract. Methodology: the study based on data collected from previous studies. Result: Entamoeba coli phagocytosed bacterial flora of the gut, fungi of Sphaerita species and even Giardia lamblia trophozoites. Conclusion: Entamoeba coli is a potent phagocytic microorganism that engulf other microorganisms which may compete it in nutrients
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in River Nile State, Sudan, from April to June 2017
Background Toxoplasmosis is worldwide distribution disease, about 20% to 90% of the adult population in the world are reported with toxoplasmosis. Objectives : to know the prevalence of toxoplasmosis among selected group of pregnant women from Atbara and ALdamer towns, River Nile State ,Sudan by applying Latex agglutination and ELISA serological methods and to compare between these two serological methods Methodology: blood specimen were collected from 50 pregnant women participated in this studies and then specimens were processed and examined by Latex agglutination and ELISA. Result: 24% were seropositive and 76% were seronegative, 24% positive with latex agglutination and 18% positive with ELISA. Discussion, conclusion and recommendations: ELISA is more specific than latex agglutination method, further studies are required with large sample size and more diagnostic methods.
Assessment of Allergy Marker Leucocyte (eosinophil) Count and Other Blood Cells Parameters among Workers at Berber Cement Factory, Berber governorate, River Nile state, Sudan, 2017
Background: This study was conducted at Berber cement factory in barber to assess cement dust exposure and relationship to complete hemogram change and allergic condition among workers. Rationale: Increasing of industrial activities in Berber governorate leading to many pathological conditions one of those phenomenons is allergy, certainly among whom worked in cement factories. Objectives: To know the effect of exposure to the dust of cement on blood cells especially allergy Marker leucocytes. Methodology: A total of 120 exposed and 30 non exposed workers were enrolled in this case control study Result: Allergy marker leucocyte (eosinophil) was increased (eosinophilia) other blood cell parameters were not affected. Conclusion: There is intimate relation between exposure to cement dust and eosinophilia. Recommendations: Furtherer studies are recommended with large sample size and taking the IgE measurement as a priority of the following studies.
