Research
Covariance and Correlation between Education Mismatch and Skills Mismatch in Tanzanian Formal Sector
This study examined the correlation and covariance between education mismatch and skills mismatch in the Tanzanian Formal sector taking Dar es Salaam and Dodoma regions as case studies. The study employed cross sectional and Worker Self Assessment (WSA) techniques with 319 workers from public and private sectors selected by multistage cluster sampling. Office interviews were conducted to collect qualitative data using structured questionnaire. The SPSS-16 statistical package was used for data analysis. Using Chi square at 5% level of significance, the results reported an existence of relationship between education mismatch and skills mismatch (χ2=39.57; p=0.00). Using bivariate corre- lation, results portrayed a weak positive correlation between education mismatch and skills mismatch (Corem,sm=0.241). Also, using bivariate covariance, the results showed a positive co-vary behavior between education mismatch and skills mismatch (Covem,sm = 0.112). This study therefore concludes that education mismatch and skills mismatch are not perfect substitute. It is thus recommended that the government should not take the existence of National Employment Policy of 2008 and its labour regulatory frameworks as a guarantee of success. Thus, deliberate efforts should be adopted to force both private and public employers to use the same standards, measures and regulations in recruitment to minimize incidence of mismatch. Also, the government and other labour market actors should avoid using education mismatch as a proxy for skills mismatch, since the two have no a one to one relation.
Under Financing in Local Government Authorities of Tanzania: Causes and Effects: A Case of Bahi District Council
This study aimed at examining the prevalence of under financing in Local Government Authorities of Tanzania, taking Bahi District Council as a case study. Specifically, the study intended to examine the causes, extent of under financing and effects associated with under financing in LGAs. The study adopted cross sectional design. The case study was also used to get an in-depth data on under financing. Questionnaires were used during survey of 115 heads of households. The documentary review and Focus group discussion were used to collect secondary data and primary data related to under financing respectively. The analysis of data was done using SPSS. The findings of this study revealed that, first, under financing in LGA was triggered by fraud, delay in reporting and heavily depending on donors; second, under financing resulted into a number of negative effects such as inability to provide optimal social and economic services. The study concludes that LGAs are not free from under financing. This study therefore recommends that the council and other actors should diversify sources of revenue to be able to absorb the shocks of under financing and reduce donor dependency.
