Research
Education and Household Income Determines under Nutrition among Adults of Mumbai Metropolitan Region
Malnutrition among adults is a major health issue in urban and rural parts of India. Malnutrition among adults reduces the economic productivity and such individual fall under poverty trap. This study finds the high severe malnutrition among male in Kalwa, Koparkhairne, Mankhurd and Rabale. The incidence of moderate malnutrition among male is found among male in Koparkhairane, Govandi and Chembur. Among female, it is found in Koparkhairne, Mulund, Kalwa and Mankhurd. At lower age, we found high incidence of malnutrition among adults. At lower education, adults have high incidence of malnutrition. As educational level of adults increases, the incidence of malnutrition declines fast. Similarly, at lower income, incidence of malnutrition is higher among adults. As income increases, the incidence of malnutrition among adults declines fast. A lower age at marriage, we found higher incidence of malnutrition among male and female. All adults consume milk, curd, pulses, vegetables, fruits and nonvegetarian food in diet but the incidence of malnutrition is higher. Few adults read magazines, watch cinema and television in slums of Mumbai Metropolitan Region. The physical, electronic and mobility related asset holding is very low among houses of malnourished adults. The logit regression model shows that adult malnutrition is positively corelated with sex, trip of women for drinking water, purification of drinking water, private electricity, bike, television, boy’s preference and beans eaten in diet. Malnutrition among adults is negatively co-related with age, income, education, cooker, red magazine and curd in diet. There are alternative policies are required to reduce malnutrition among adults in Mumbai metropolitan Region. Government must provide training for self-employment to poor people. Banks must provide credit to poor people. They can start small business and increase the standard of living in region. Health care staff must visit to slums. They must treat adults with
Prevalence of Malnutrition among Adolescent: The Socio-Economic Issues and Challenges in Mumbai Metropolitan Region
Adolescent must have access to health care, nutrition and education. The physical and psychological changes are taking place in this period. Healthy adolescent means healthy future human resource for any country. The well educated and healthy adolescent always leads to development of country. But adolescent health is critical issue in slums of Mumbai Metropolitan Region. The incidence of severe malnutrition among male and female is found much higher in all suburbs. Such incidence is higher for male as compare to female. The physical and electronic asset holding is more among adolescent. But still incidence of severe malnutrition is higher. We have also found that pulses, vegetables, fruits eaten is more among the adolescent but still we found more incidence of malnutrition. At lower educational level of parents, the incidence of malnutrition is higher among adolescent. At lower per capita income, the body mass index of adolescent is found low. If the per capita income increases then body mass index of adolescent also increases. The logistic regression result shows that malnutrition among female is positively co-related with sex, women water related trips, sewing machine, behavior of health staff and still breastfeeding to child. It is negatively correlated with age, weekly required liter of water, milk and hours of breastfeeding. The malnutrition among male is positively co-related with private health care treatment, purify drinking water, electricity, not known any contraceptive method. It is negatively corelated with sex, age, government water supply, cooker, sewing machine, television, bike, hygiene in public health care. The malnutrition among male and female is positively corelated with fan in house and outside food to child. It is negatively co-related with sex, age and watch television, assistance for delivery, child shown to health professional and child care at work. Therefore the policy such as water supply, the health care access to slums especially adole
