150 Years of the Housing Question

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Alexandre Kramatschek Tavares
Alexandre Kramatschek Tavares
1 Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões - Campus Santiago/RS, Brasil

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GJHSS Volume 22 Issue F8

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The global housing problem remains unresolved for more than two centuries and still has no solution’s prospect. The research presents a view of the evolution and development of public and private housing policies, commencing from the problem raised by Friedrich Engels in two works: The Condition of the Working Class in England, from 1845, and The Housing Question, from 1872. Since then, in the period of the Industrial Revolution (term created by Engels), so much has been done for the housing problem, but little has been solved. The performance of the State about this problem begins to gain space in the middle of the 19th century, with “hygienist urbanism”, based on Haussmann, through the Welfare State, from the beginning of the 20th century until near 1970, and derailing in austerity and neoliberal policies to the present day, with rare exceptions, such as Brazil, which had built a Welfare State adjusted with neoliberalism, forming a unique development policy, but which has not been able to solve the problems of the capitalist structure, including housing.

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No external funding was declared for this work.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

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Alexandre Kramatschek Tavares. 2026. \u201c150 Years of the Housing Question\u201d. Global Journal of Human-Social Science - F: Political Science GJHSS-F Volume 22 (GJHSS Volume 22 Issue F8): .

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Explores 150 years of housing and social changes, emphasizing interdisciplinary insights and historical context.
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Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJHSS

Print ISSN 0975-587X

e-ISSN 2249-460X

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GJHSS-F Classification: FOR Code: 680401
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v1.2

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January 3, 2023

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English

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The global housing problem remains unresolved for more than two centuries and still has no solution’s prospect. The research presents a view of the evolution and development of public and private housing policies, commencing from the problem raised by Friedrich Engels in two works: The Condition of the Working Class in England, from 1845, and The Housing Question, from 1872. Since then, in the period of the Industrial Revolution (term created by Engels), so much has been done for the housing problem, but little has been solved. The performance of the State about this problem begins to gain space in the middle of the 19th century, with “hygienist urbanism”, based on Haussmann, through the Welfare State, from the beginning of the 20th century until near 1970, and derailing in austerity and neoliberal policies to the present day, with rare exceptions, such as Brazil, which had built a Welfare State adjusted with neoliberalism, forming a unique development policy, but which has not been able to solve the problems of the capitalist structure, including housing.

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150 Years of the Housing Question

Alexandre Kramatschek Tavares
Alexandre Kramatschek Tavares Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões - Campus Santiago/RS, Brasil

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