A Dimensionless Equation Linking the Maximum and Minimum Values for Mass (or Energy) and Time (or Length)

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Andre P. Steynberg
Andre P. Steynberg

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GJSFR Volume 22 Issue F3

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The James Webb telescope can detect photons in the infrared wavelength from cosmic events with a known intensity and emission frequency. The redshift data from such measurements for photons from the early universe can be used to determine the dimensions of a finite spacetime manifold. Such measurements would differ from predictions using the assumption that space and time are infinite. If these measurements confirm that the spacetime manifold is finite, then there exists a dimensionless ratio between the maximum and minimum dimensions for space and time. Furthermore, the Schwarzschild equation can be used to calculate the total mass of the Universe to determine a dimensionless ratio for the maximum and minimum mass values. The resulting equation derivation is a tribute to the work of Albert Einstein, Alexander Friedmann, Karl Schwarzschild, and Max Planck. The derived dimensionless relationship is M u /m P = t m /𝜋𝜋t P = ℓ m /𝜋𝜋ℓ P.

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No external funding was declared for this work.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

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Andre P. Steynberg. 2026. \u201cA Dimensionless Equation Linking the Maximum and Minimum Values for Mass (or Energy) and Time (or Length)\u201d. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research - F: Mathematics & Decision GJSFR-F Volume 22 (GJSFR Volume 22 Issue F3): .

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An academic article on the connection between equations and their maximum and minimum values over time.
Journal Specifications

Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJSFR

Print ISSN 0975-5896

e-ISSN 2249-4626

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GJSFR-F Classification: DDC Code: 621.3692 LCC Code: QC448, DDC Code: 221.8529 LCC Code: BS1199.T5
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September 20, 2022

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English

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The James Webb telescope can detect photons in the infrared wavelength from cosmic events with a known intensity and emission frequency. The redshift data from such measurements for photons from the early universe can be used to determine the dimensions of a finite spacetime manifold. Such measurements would differ from predictions using the assumption that space and time are infinite. If these measurements confirm that the spacetime manifold is finite, then there exists a dimensionless ratio between the maximum and minimum dimensions for space and time. Furthermore, the Schwarzschild equation can be used to calculate the total mass of the Universe to determine a dimensionless ratio for the maximum and minimum mass values. The resulting equation derivation is a tribute to the work of Albert Einstein, Alexander Friedmann, Karl Schwarzschild, and Max Planck. The derived dimensionless relationship is M u /m P = t m /𝜋𝜋t P = ℓ m /𝜋𝜋ℓ P.

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A Dimensionless Equation Linking the Maximum and Minimum Values for Mass (or Energy) and Time (or Length)

Andre P. Steynberg
Andre P. Steynberg

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