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A Study of Single and Combined Cytotoxic Effects of Fumonisin B1, Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin a on Human Mononuclear Blood Cells using Different Cytotoxic Methods

§ North West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa
‡ Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture ...
Food, Environment and Health Research Group, Faculty...

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A Study of Single and Combined Cytotoxic Effects of Fumonisin B1, Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin a on Human Mononuclear Blood Cells using Different Cytotoxic Methods

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Abstract

Several studies on cereals destined for animal or human consumption in South Africa and Africa have shown co-contaminations of mycotoxins. There is evidence to suggest that the simultaneous action of different mycotoxins at various concentrations might have synergistic, inhibitive or additive effects on human and animal cells. The aims of this study were to identify combined cytotoxic effects of three of the more commonly occurring mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) fumonisin B1 (FB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA)) found in South African and other feeds using the methyl thiazoltetrazolium (MTT) cytotoxicity assay, the Comet assay and Flow Cytometry to detect apoptotic and necrotic cells after exposure to the three toxins. Human mononuclear blood cells (mononucleocytes) were exposed to the three mycotoxins both singularly and in combinations at two concentrations (5 and 40ng/ml for OTA and AFB1 and 5 and 40µg/ml for FB1) and at different exposure time of 12, 24 and 48Hours. Results obtained showed cell viability variations dependent on mycotoxin concentrations and time of exposure. In addition, synergistic effects were also observed at the higher doses of 40ng for OTA and AFB1) and 40µg/ml for FB1 of the three mycotoxins compared to combinations of lower doses. However, FB1 showed low cytotoxicity effect inducing inhibitive effect when combined with the other two mycotoxins. These results confirms the hypothesis of possibility of the three mycotoxins when combined induced with synergistic effect and imply that exposure to more than one mycotoxin might change the symptomatology and severity of effects observed during single intoxications by mycotoxins.

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Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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How to Cite This Article

Mwanza Mulunda, Michael F Dutton. 2014. "A Study of Single and Combined Cytotoxic Effects of Fumonisin B1, Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin a on Human Mononuclear Blood Cells using Different Cytotoxic Methods". Global Journal of Medical Research - B: Pharma, Drug Discovery, Toxicology & Medicine GJMR-B Volume 14 (GJMR Volume 14 Issue 11 (B2)).

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Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/gjmra

Print ISSN 0975-5888

e-ISSN 2249-4618

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GJMR-B Classification NLMC Code: QV 701
QV 600
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v1.2

Issue date
March 13, 2014

Language
English
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A Study of Single and Combined Cytotoxic Effects of Fumonisin B1, Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin a on Human Mononuclear Blood Cells using Different Cytotoxic Methods

Mwanza Mulunda
Mwanza Mulunda