Accessing the Construct And Content Validity Of Uncertainty Business Using Sem Approach- An Exploratory Study Of Manufacturing Firms

Abstract

Construct and content validity is necessary to provide purified data for any exploratory research study. The commonly widely used in any exploratory research study is Cronbach Alpah to analyze data validity. However more robust analysis like Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in Structural Equation Modeling provides more rigorous analysis of model power in relation to construct and content validity. This paper provides insight of this construct and content analysis using the CFA approach by analyzing the Business Environmental Uncertainty research variable. To achieve the intended research objective, the BEU is explored in the context of Malaysian manufacturing sectors. Detailed illustration of the validity, analysis using the CFA approach together with the Cronbach Alpah was provided. The result analysis indicates to improve the model power in relation to the validity any manifest variables below the threshold require to be dropped. Moreover the Cronbach Alpah value is not much affected although some of the manifest variables do not significantly contribute to the research variable. In conclusion, a recommendation was give for future research to test the data validity.

The Influence of Mother Tongue(s)on the Learning and Teaching of English as a Foreign Language at Three Universities: The Case of Protestant, Kinshasa and Technological/Bel Campus Universities in the Democratic Republic of Congo

February 24, 2026

This paper attempted to assess the attitudes of students in