Dividend Payments Policies and Practices in State-Owned Enterprises in India and Foreign Jurisdictions: A Critical Analysis
March 11, 2026
Dividend Payments Policies and Practices in State-Owned Enterprises in India
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Dividend Payments Policies and Practices in State-Owned Enterprises in India
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In digital images, impulse noise (such as salt and pepper noise) detection and removal is an important process as the images are corrupted by those noise because of transmission and acquisition. The main aim of the noise removal is to suppress the noise when preserving the edge information. The median filter and its derivatives are usually used for this purpose. These filtering techniques usually applied to the overall image and modify the pixel value. The modification in pixel values will be performed in unaffected pixels also. Hence the sufficient removal of impulse using this technique will leads to the reduction in quality of images. In this paper, Adaptive Fuzzy Switching Filter is proposed which is based on fuzzy logic for removing the impulse noise from the affected image. The proposed technique involves three phases. The first phase will detect the impulse noise by considering grayscale distribution among neighboring pixels. In the second phase, grayscale values for the pixels are determined based on the values of neighboring pixels. The final phase implements the fuzzy switching for further improvement in the image preservation. The fuzzy membership function used in the proposed technique is half open fuzzy membership function. The experimental result shows that the proposed adaptive fuzzy switching filter has the better capability of removing the impulse noise from the corrupted image.
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