An Integrated GIS Method – The Influence of Human Activities on Shoreline Change in Western Indian Small Island States: A Two Centuries Analysis of Urban West Unguja –  Zanzibar Shoreline

An Integrated GIS Method – The Influence of Human Activities on Shoreline Change in Western Indian Small Island States: A Two Centuries Analysis of Urban West Unguja – Zanzibar Shoreline

Salim Hamad Bakar

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Shafi Noor Islam

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An Integrated GIS Method – The Influence of Human Activities on Shoreline Change in Western Indian Small Island States: A Two Centuries Analysis of Urban West Unguja – Zanzibar Shoreline

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Abstract

Urban areas have a high impact of shoreline changes that are influenced by human activities rather than natural factors, together with hard structural mitigation and management which are more practiced compared to other areas. The shoreline of Urban West of Unguja Island in Zanzibar has been undergone changes in different stages due to human activities either like; reclamation of Darajani creek, port expansion at Malindi, Mtoni beach nourishment, sewer and stormwater channeling at Kilimani, construction of walls, groins, and jetties, etc., however, the area experience more accretion rather than retreat, integrated analysis and projections of the overall accretion and retreat for 174 years is 1,527,693.85 m 2 (1.53 km 2 ) and -936,135.48 m 2 (-0.94 km) receptively. The average accretion of land from 1846 to 2020 is 8,779.85m 2 /yr. (0.0088 km 2 /yr.) and retreat is -5,380.09m 2 /yr. (-0.0054 km 2 /yr.). A major accretion was observed and detected during the early 1900s to late 1987 where major land transformation with other minor development activities between 2010 to 2020.

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No external funding was declared for this work.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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How to Cite This Article

Salim Hamad Bakar. 2026. \u201cAn Integrated GIS Method – The Influence of Human Activities on Shoreline Change in Western Indian Small Island States: A Two Centuries Analysis of Urban West Unguja – Zanzibar Shoreline\u201d. Global Journal of Human-Social Science - B: Geography, Environmental Science & Disaster Management GJHSS-B Volume 22 (GJHSS Volume 22 Issue B1): .

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GJHSS Volume 22 Issue B1
Pg. 11- 18

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Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJHSS

Print ISSN 0975-587X

e-ISSN 2249-460X

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GJHSS-B Classification: DDC Code: 628.1682 LCC Code: TD653

Submission ReceivedJanuary 1, 2022
Peer Review Double Blind
Handling Editor
Accepted January 31, 2022
Published February 11, 2022

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March 26, 2022

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