Appraisal of Sediment Load in Rainfed Areas of Pothwar Region in Pakistan

Muhammad Afzal; Zakaullah; Muhammad Azmat

Appraisal of Sediment Load in Rainfed Areas of Pothwar Region in Pakistan

Muhammad Afzal * §

Contact

Zakaullah

Contact

Muhammad Azmat

Contact

myaseen02

Contact

[email protected]

Contact

UET Lahore

Appraisal of Sediment Load in Rainfed Areas of Pothwar Region in Pakistan

Article Fingerprint

ReserarchID

REB1231

Appraisal of Sediment Load in Rainfed Areas of Pothwar Region in Pakistan Banner

Key Research Insights

Synthesized scholarly intelligence & interactive research assistant

This converted HTML version may contain rendering inconsistencies. Please refer to the PDF for the authoritative version, or click here to provide feedback.

Abstract

Inadequate watershed management, natural, and man induced erosion of soils in the barani areas have threatened the sustainability of soil and water resources. In this study, sediment loads in the main streams passing through rainfed areas of the Pothwar region has been estimated for verifying the impacts of projects being implemented for agricultural development in the regions, especially the construction of small dams. The study has been carried out in three major basins namely Soan, Kanshi and Haro of Pothwar region. The daily discharge, sediment and rainfall data for the period 1982-2004 were analyzed and correlated accordingly. The sediment load has increased with the increase of river flow and vice versa. The unit rate of sediment yield decreased as the drainage area increased. Moreover, the observed sediment concentrations were low in low rainfall areas (Dhok Pathan) and high in areas fall under high rainfall zone (Chirah and Rawalpindi). Generally, the sediment concentration was low during January to June (low rainfall) and high during months of October to December (high rainfall). The study concluded that sediment load beyond sustainable limits can affect the land and water resources negatively which can be identified by exploring basin hydrology and predicting sediment load as well as mitigating potential threats through application of computer simulation model.

References

19 Cites in Article

Reference Format

1. M Ahmed (2002). Investigation of Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Problems using Radioisotopes. Newsletter of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commision
2. Muhammad Arshad Ullah,Muhammad Suhaib,Raheel Baber,Malik Usama,Badar-Uz- Zaman,Imdad Mahmood,Syed Hyder (1990). Growth of Chenopodium quiona Wild under Naturally Salt Affected Soils. International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences (IJARBS), 4(4), 116-119.
3. K Ali,D De Boer,L Martz (2004). Spatial Patterns of Suspended Sediment Yield in the Upper Indus River Basin, Northern Pakistan. American Geophysical Union, Spring Meeting
4. M Ashraf,F Hassan,M Khan (2000). Sustainable environment management: impact of agriculture. Journal of Science, Technology and Development, 19(4), 51-57.
5. N Asselman (1999). Suspended sediment dynamics in a large basin: the River Rhine. Hydrological Processes, 13, 1437-1450.
6. G Belaud,A Khan,Ghulamnabi (1998). Sediment behaviour of Sangrodistributory Mirpurkhas sub-division. Sindh. International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI) Report, 69.
7. M Bhutiyani (2000). Sediment load characteristics of a proglacial stream of Siachen Glacier and the erosion rate in Nubra valley in the Karakoram Himalayas, India. Journal of Hydrology, 227(1-4), 84-92.
8. F Branson,G Gifford,K Renard,R Hadley (1981). Unknown Title.
9. M Butt,A Waqas,R Mahmood (2010). The combined effect of vegetation and soil erosion in the water resource management. Water Resource Management, 24, 3701-3714.
10. J Fan,G Morris (1992). Reservoir Sedimentation II: Reservoir Desiltation and long-term Storage Capacity. J. Hydr. Engrg, 118(3), 370-384.
11. K Holubová (1998). Problems systematic monitoring of erosion-sedimentation processes in the water works. Problems systematic monitoring of erosion-sedimentation processes in the water works, 135.
12. M Kahlown,Abdul Majeed,M Bhatti (2002). Contribution of Mountains in Pakistan's Water Resources-Status and Prospects. Contribution of Mountains in Pakistan's Water Resources-Status and Prospects
13. Saleem Ashraf,Zakaria Hassan,Gulfam Hassan,Amjad Gondal (2002). Handbook of Agricultural Extension. courtesy Daily Dawn
14. I Khalid (2010). Trans-Boundary water sharing issues: A Case of South Asia. Journal of Political Studies, 1, 79-96.
15. A Nasir,K Uchida,M Ashraf (2006). Estimation of soil erosion by using RUSLE and GIS for small mountainous watershed in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Water Resources, 10(1), 11-21.
16. Nespak (1991). Evaluation of small dams in Punjab and. Evaluation of small dams in Punjab and, II, 17.
17. Bernard Rondeau,D Cossa,P Gagnon,L Bilodeau (2000). Budget and sources of suspended sediment transported in the St. Lawrence River, Canada. Hydrological Processes, 14(1), 21-36.
18. M Siddique (1999). Sedimentation technology: Achievements and issues for the next millennium. Proceedings National Workshop on Water Resources Achievements and Issues in 20 th Century and Challenges for the next Millennium
19. D Walling (1977). Limitations of the rating curve technique for estimating suspended sediment loads, with particular reference to British rivers. Proceedings of the Paris symposium, 122, 34-38.

Download References

Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

Data Availability

Not applicable for this article.

How to Cite This Article

Muhammad Afzal, Zakaullah, Muhammad Azmat, myaseen02, [email protected]. 2015. "Appraisal of Sediment Load in Rainfed Areas of Pothwar Region in Pakistan". Global Journal of Research in Engineering - J: General Engineering GJRE-J Volume 14 (GJRE Volume 14 Issue J6).

More Citation Formats

Select Citation Style:

Download Citation

GJRE Volume 14 Issue J6

Explore Journals Explore Volume Read This Issue

Journal Specifications

Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/gjre

Print ISSN 0975-5861

e-ISSN 2249-4596

Keywords

pothwar sediment Watershed

Classification

GJRE-J Classification FOR Code: 091599

Submission ReceivedDecember 10, 2013
Peer Review Double Blind
Handling Editor
Accepted January 4, 2014
Published January 15, 2014

Version of record

v1.2

Issue date

January 6, 2015

Language

English

Order Article Reprint

Experiance in AR

Explore published articles in an immersive Augmented Reality environment. Our platform converts research papers into interactive 3D books, allowing readers to view and interact with content using AR and VR compatible devices.

View in VR

Read in 3D

Your published article is automatically converted into a realistic 3D book. Flip through pages and read research papers in a more engaging and interactive format.

View in 3D

Article Matrices

Total Score: 105

Country: Pakistan

Subject: Global Journal of Research in Engineering

Authors: Zakaullah, Muhammad Ashraf, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Yaseen, Khalida Khan (PhD/Dr. count: 0)

View Count (all-time): 402

Total Views (Real + Logic): 985

Total Downloads (simulated): 65

Publish Date: 2014 01, Wed

Monthly Totals (Real + Logic):

Month 1: 28 views
Month 2: 51 views
Month 3: 27 views
Month 4: 25 views
Month 5: 43 views
Month 6: 19 views
Month 7: 25 views
Month 8: 28 views
Month 9: 52 views
Month 10: 41 views
Month 11: 48 views
Month 12: 43 views
Month 13: 34 views
Month 14: 26 views
Month 15: 26 views
Month 16: 28 views
Month 17: 26 views
Month 18: 37 views
Month 19: 19 views
Month 20: 37 views
Month 21: 36 views
Month 22: 39 views
Month 23: 38 views
Month 24: 29 views
Month 25: 45 views
Month 26: 34 views
Month 27: 34 views
Month 28: 17 views
Month 29: 32 views
Month 30: 22 views
Month 31: 24 views
Month 32: 42 views
Month 33: 25 views
Month 34: 47 views
Month 35: 35 views
Month 36: 43 views
Month 37: 28 views
Month 38: 34 views
Month 39: 24 views
Month 40: 25 views
Month 41: 39 views
Month 42: 25 views
Month 43: 35 views
Month 44: 18 views
Month 45: 33 views
Month 46: 43 views
Month 47: 14 views
Month 48: 22 views
Month 49: 26 views
Month 50: 33 views
Month 51: 36 views
Month 52: 25 views
Month 53: 17 views
Month 54: 41 views
Month 55: 36 views
Month 56: 44 views
Month 57: 15 views
Month 58: 15 views
Month 59: 26 views
Month 60: 38 views
Month 61: 36 views
Month 62: 28 views
Month 63: 20 views
Month 64: 27 views
Month 65: 25 views
Month 66: 33 views
Month 67: 29 views
Month 68: 23 views
Month 69: 30 views
Month 70: 31 views
Month 71: 23 views
Month 72: 35 views
Month 73: 41 views
Month 74: 30 views
Month 75: 29 views
Month 76: 18 views
Month 77: 15 views
Month 78: 37 views
Month 79: 28 views
Month 80: 34 views
Month 81: 11 views
Month 82: 21 views
Month 83: 21 views
Month 84: 16 views
Month 85: 32 views
Month 86: 22 views
Month 87: 25 views
Month 88: 34 views
Month 89: 24 views
Month 90: 26 views
Month 91: 41 views
Month 92: 33 views
Month 93: 36 views
Month 94: 33 views
Month 95: 34 views
Month 96: 42 views
Month 97: 17 views
Month 98: 28 views
Month 99: 31 views
Month 100: 28 views
Month 101: 28 views
Month 102: 25 views
Month 103: 48 views
Month 104: 36 views
Month 105: 40 views
Month 106: 27 views
Month 107: 38 views
Month 108: 27 views
Month 109: 21 views
Month 110: 25 views
Month 111: 40 views
Month 112: 35 views
Month 113: 17 views
Month 114: 17 views
Month 115: 37 views
Month 116: 21 views
Month 117: 32 views
Month 118: 19 views
Month 119: 20 views
Month 120: 28 views
Month 121: 32 views
Month 122: 35 views
Month 123: 26 views
Month 124: 40 views
Month 125: 37 views
Month 126: 33 views
Month 127: 32 views
Month 128: 44 views
Month 129: 32 views
Month 130: 23 views
Month 131: 40 views
Month 132: 24 views
Month 133: 26 views
Month 134: 25 views
Month 135: 57 views
Month 136: 39 views
Month 137: 49 views
Month 138: 41 views
Month 139: 15 views
Month 140: 46 views
Month 141: 24 views
Month 142: 37 views
Month 143: 28 views
Month 144: 23 views
Month 145: 29 views
Month 146: 28 views
Month 147: 25 views
Month 148: 33 views
Month 149: 20 views
Month 150: 55 views
Month 151: 70 views
Month 152: 54 views
Month 153: 43 views

Total Views: 985

Total Downloads: 65

All Trends