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A reductionist approach to sacred scriptures that disregards the cultural contexts of discourses inhibits a sympathetic understanding of transcultural yet culture-specific phenomena such as spirit possession, ancestral cults, and traditional healing. The search for an appropriate scholarly model for teaching Christology, Pneumatology, and Soteriology in Africa must begin with a profound appreciation of traditional African concepts of human postmortem existence (concepts of the immortality of the human spirit) and the notions of intermediaries and mediation in African indigenous religions. These concepts provide a foundation of understanding: a) the ontology and place of African ancestral spirits (badimo) in the African worldview; b) the manistic nature of African indigenous religions; and (c) the centrality of the traditional healing within the African cosmology. Based on our analysis of 1 Sam 28: 1 -20, this essay concludes that there is sufficient scriptural justification for ancestral veneration.
Leslie S. Nthoi. 2026. \u201cAre the Dead Truly Dead and Unconscious\u201d. Global Journal of Human-Social Science - A: Arts & Humanities GJHSS-A Volume 22 (GJHSS Volume 22 Issue A9): .
Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJHSS
Print ISSN 0975-587X
e-ISSN 2249-460X
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Total Score: 101
Country: Botswana
Subject: Global Journal of Human-Social Science - A: Arts & Humanities
Authors: Leslie S. Nthoi (PhD/Dr. count: 0)
View Count (all-time): 133
Total Views (Real + Logic): 1566
Total Downloads (simulated): 38
Publish Date: 2026 01, Fri
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A reductionist approach to sacred scriptures that disregards the cultural contexts of discourses inhibits a sympathetic understanding of transcultural yet culture-specific phenomena such as spirit possession, ancestral cults, and traditional healing. The search for an appropriate scholarly model for teaching Christology, Pneumatology, and Soteriology in Africa must begin with a profound appreciation of traditional African concepts of human postmortem existence (concepts of the immortality of the human spirit) and the notions of intermediaries and mediation in African indigenous religions. These concepts provide a foundation of understanding: a) the ontology and place of African ancestral spirits (badimo) in the African worldview; b) the manistic nature of African indigenous religions; and (c) the centrality of the traditional healing within the African cosmology. Based on our analysis of 1 Sam 28: 1 -20, this essay concludes that there is sufficient scriptural justification for ancestral veneration.
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