Assessment of Effect of Sewage Intrusion from Septic Tanks into the Consumable Hand Dug Wells in Lagos State, Nigeria

Abstract

Access to a regular supply of safe water is a basic human right but many people are denied. This study investigated the physical, chemical and microbiological properties of well water installed close to septic tank in some location in Lagos metropolis. Samples were collected from five (5) wells from each location (Ikorodu, Mushin, Shomolu, Itire and Ilasamaja) during the rainy season when ground water intrusion is high. The well water were analyzed for pH, temperature, Total Solid, Dissolved Solid, Suspended Solid, Alkalinity, Acidity, Total Hardness, Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Sulphate, Manganese, Cadmium, Zinc (Zn), Total coliform count and Total Bacteria count. pH, temperature, TS were determined immediately in the sample. Analysis of the heavy metals was done using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistics.

A Study of Conflict Issues Affecting Ugandan Housemaids who Migrate to Saudi Arabia and How to Mitigate them

March 10, 2026

This study aims to comprehensively analyse the complex interplay between