Assessment of Epiphyte Diversity in Avenue Trees of National and State Highways of Udupi District, India

Abstract

The epiphytic diversity on avenue trees was assessed in a national highway and two state highways of Udupi district, Karnataka. The study showed that diversity of woody substratum comparatively similar in two state highways and national highway, but recorded high abundance of fast growing, exotic tree varieties in national highways compared to state highways. There is no significant difference between Shannon’s diversity and Pielou’s evenness values between national highway (2.183, 0.878) and state highways (2.304, 0.927). The abundant encountered species are belongs to family Orchidaceae. The native trees with larger girth hold and support more epiphyte species in both national and state highways.

A Study of Conflict Issues Affecting Ugandan Housemaids who Migrate to Saudi Arabia and How to Mitigate them

March 10, 2026

This study aims to comprehensively analyse the complex interplay between