Beyond Calories: Roots and Tubers for Health Equity and Sustainable Development
Introduction: India faces a double burden of malnutrition persistent undernutrition alongside rising obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Addressing this requires nutrition-sensitive strategies aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Despite their nutrient density and climate resilience, roots and tubers remain underutilized in national nutrition interventions. Methods: This study conducted a comprehensive literature review and secondary data analysis using the Indian Food Composition Tables (IFCT, 2017) and national health surveys. Nutrient profiling evaluated macronutrients, micronutrients (vitamins, minerals), carotenoids, amino acids, and bioactive compounds. Functional contributions to metabolic health and chronic disease prevention were assessed. Results: Roots and tubers such as sweet potato, yam, beetroot, carrot, colocasia, and lotus root are rich in complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber, B-complex and C vitamins, iron, calcium, potassium, and bioactives like β-carotene, lutein, and polyphenols. These properties support digestive and immune health, regulate blood glucose, and provide cardiovascular protection. Discussion: Incorporating roots and tubers into daily diets can address micronutrient deficiencies and reduce NCD risk. Their low glycemic index and phytochemical content make them especially beneficial for diabetes and weight management. However, their exclusion from mainstream food policies and public nutrition programs limits their reach. Conclusion: Roots and tubers represent a sustainable, nutrient-rich solution to India’s complex nutrition challenges. Their inclusion in dietary guidelines and public health programs should be prioritized by health professionals and policymakers to promote food security, public health, and climate resilience.
