Case Report: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a Paediatric Patient as First Presentation of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

α
Abdullah Alasaad
Abdullah Alasaad
σ
Roaa Amer
Roaa Amer
ρ
Eman Bakhsh
Eman Bakhsh
α King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences

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Case Report: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a Paediatric Patient as First Presentation of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

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Abstract

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) usually presents with rapid onset of neurologic symptoms with characteristic vasogenic oedema in imaging studies. PRES is most importantly associated with hypertension and kidney disease. We describe a case of PRES in a 13-year-old female patient who presented with normal vital signs, neurological symptoms, oliguria, and laboratory test results consistent with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Head computed tomography (CT) scan revealed subtle hypodensity in the white matter of the right parietal lobe, strongly suggesting PRES, with multiple hemorrhagic foci in the right frontal lobe and right basal ganglia. Aggressive TTP treatment was initiated; however, she developed rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and renal failure. Twelve days since presentation, she developed severe acute respiratory distress, which resulted in death. Therefore, PRES need not be a complication; it can be the presenting sign of an undiagnosed disease and a high index of suspicion is required in such cases.

References

9 Cites in Article
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  2. R Bhat,Z Wani,S Baasit,I Khan (2015). Clinical course, laboratory parameters and outcome of TTP pediatric patients presenting with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.
  3. Tamika Burrus,Jay Mandrekar,Eelco Wijdicks,Alejandro Rabinstein (2010). Renal Failure and Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Patients With Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura.
  4. Tamika Burrus,Eelco Wijdicks,Alejandro Rabinstein (2009). Brain lesions are most often reversible in acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
  5. Ching-Yang Chen,Shin-Yuan Hung,Yi-Jer Lee,Yi-Chan Lin,Chu-Cheng Pai (2016). Delayed onset of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a case of scleroderma renal crisis with maintenance hemodialysis.
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Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

Data Availability

Not applicable for this article.

How to Cite This Article

Abdullah Alasaad. 2017. \u201cCase Report: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a Paediatric Patient as First Presentation of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura\u201d. Global Journal of Medical Research - A: Neurology & Nervous System GJMR-A Volume 17 (GJMR Volume 17 Issue A1): .

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Journal Specifications

Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/gjmra

Print ISSN 0975-5888

e-ISSN 2249-4618

Keywords
Classification
GJMR-A Classification: NLMC Code: WL 141.5, WH 315
Version of record

v1.2

Issue date

November 22, 2017

Language
en
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Published Article

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) usually presents with rapid onset of neurologic symptoms with characteristic vasogenic oedema in imaging studies. PRES is most importantly associated with hypertension and kidney disease. We describe a case of PRES in a 13-year-old female patient who presented with normal vital signs, neurological symptoms, oliguria, and laboratory test results consistent with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Head computed tomography (CT) scan revealed subtle hypodensity in the white matter of the right parietal lobe, strongly suggesting PRES, with multiple hemorrhagic foci in the right frontal lobe and right basal ganglia. Aggressive TTP treatment was initiated; however, she developed rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and renal failure. Twelve days since presentation, she developed severe acute respiratory distress, which resulted in death. Therefore, PRES need not be a complication; it can be the presenting sign of an undiagnosed disease and a high index of suspicion is required in such cases.

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Case Report: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a Paediatric Patient as First Presentation of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Abdullah Alasaad
Abdullah Alasaad King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
Roaa Amer
Roaa Amer
Eman Bakhsh
Eman Bakhsh

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