Caste and Resistance: A Comparative Study of Untouchable and Lagaan

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Md Mohtasim Musfiq
Md Mohtasim Musfiq
1 Teesta University

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This paper explores the representation of caste discrimination and subaltern consciousness in Mulk Raj Anand’s seminal novel Untouchable (1935) and Ashutosh Gowariker’s Bollywood film Lagaan (2001). Through a humanistic lens, the study analyzes how both texts critique the entrenched caste hierarchies of Indian society. Drawing on subaltern theory and postcolonial frameworks, the paper argues that while Untouchable presents a direct and emotionally charged portrayal of Dalit oppression, Lagaan uses metaphor and cinematic spectacle to raise subtle questions about caste, unity, and resistance under colonial rule.

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No external funding was declared for this work.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Md Mohtasim Musfiq. 2026. \u201cCaste and Resistance: A Comparative Study of Untouchable and Lagaan\u201d. Global Journal of Human-Social Science - A: Arts & Humanities GJHSS-A Volume 25 (GJHSS Volume 25 Issue A6): .

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Issue Cover
GJHSS Volume 25 Issue A6
Pg. 91- 93
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Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJHSS

Print ISSN 0975-587X

e-ISSN 2249-460X

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v1.2

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November 11, 2025

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English

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This paper explores the representation of caste discrimination and subaltern consciousness in Mulk Raj Anand’s seminal novel Untouchable (1935) and Ashutosh Gowariker’s Bollywood film Lagaan (2001). Through a humanistic lens, the study analyzes how both texts critique the entrenched caste hierarchies of Indian society. Drawing on subaltern theory and postcolonial frameworks, the paper argues that while Untouchable presents a direct and emotionally charged portrayal of Dalit oppression, Lagaan uses metaphor and cinematic spectacle to raise subtle questions about caste, unity, and resistance under colonial rule.

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Caste and Resistance: A Comparative Study of Untouchable and Lagaan

Md Mohtasim Musfiq
Md Mohtasim Musfiq Teesta University

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