Comparative Analysis of Antiglycation Capacity of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Vegetables

1
Bilal Ahmed
Bilal Ahmed Ph.D.
2
Muhammad Wasim Ashraf
Muhammad Wasim Ashraf
3
Abdul Ghaffar
Abdul Ghaffar
4
Farah Latif
Farah Latif
5
Zahid Mahmood
Zahid Mahmood
1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad

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Glycation is a reaction between amino group of blood proteins and reducing sugars in vitro conditions which are involved in a number of pathologies and disease states including Alzheimer’s and diabetes. Equal concentration of different inhibitor extracts (sweet potato, turnip and methi) and glucose were used. Eight combinations of each extract were made and all these were placed at 37oC for five weeks incubation. Human normal plasma was used as a protein source. Glycation was analyzed by Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) technique which results that aqueous and methanol extracts of sweet potato and turnip showed no inhibition of nonenzymatic glycation but act as activator of reaction while aqueous extract of methi showed maximum inhibition of non-enzymatic glycation in 5th week of incubation and for methanol extract inhibition was maximum in 3rd week of incubation. In all extracts of three vegetables, extracts of methi were more effective against non-enzymatic glycation. These findings suggest that in future methi can be used for lowering glucose level in the body as it is efficient in lowering the glycation level in different conditions when level of glucose is high.

16 Cites in Articles

References

  1. P Gillery (2001). Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), free radicals and diabetes.
  2. A Gornall,C Bardwill,M David (1949). Determuination of serum proteins buy means of biuret reactions.
  3. J Grover,S Yadav,V Vats (2002). Evaluation of antihyperglycemic and hypoglycemic effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn, Ocimum sanctum Linn and Pterocarpus marsupium Linn in normal and alloxanized diabetic rats.
  4. Hatfield (2007). stated that Glycation (nonenzymatic glycosylation) processes, also known as the Maillard reactions, are a series of reactions between carbohydrates and free amino groups of proteins.
  5. S Kikuchi,K Shinpo,M Takeuchi,S Yamagishi,Z Makita,N Sasaki,K Tashiro (2003). Glycation—a sweet tempter for neuronal death.
  6. E Lalla,I Lasmaster,A Schmidt (2001). Receptors of advanced glycation end products inflammation and accelerated periodontal disease in diabetes.
  7. Lapolla (2005). enzymatic glycation has a twofold meaning: on one hand, measurement of early glycation products can estimate the extent of exposure to glucose and the subject's previous metabolic control; on the other hand, measurement of intermediate and late products of the glycation reaction is a precious instrument in verifying the relationship between glycation products and tissue modifications.
  8. Zenji Makita,Steven Radoff,Elliot Rayfield,Zhi Yang,Edward Skolnik,Vera Delaney,Eli Friedman,Anthony Cerami,Helen Vlassara (1999). Advanced Glycosylation End Products in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy.
  9. R Marles,N Farnsworth (1995). Antidiabetic plants and their active constituents.
  10. Morten Bernargi,E (2006). explained that glycation is a non-enzymatic process in which proteins react with reducing sugar molecules and thereby impair the function and change the characteristics of the proteins. Glycation is involved in diabetes and aging where the accumulation of glycation products causes side effects.
  11. Nursten (2005). said that Maillard reactions are a complex set of reactions, typically occurring between carbonyl compounds and amino groups originating from proteins, peptides or amino acids. Maillard reactions may lead to formation of offflavours, decreased nutritional value and discolouration.
  12. Stoppa (2006). found that non-enzymatic glycation is implicated in the development of various diseases such as Alzheimer's and diabetes mellitus. An increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species can occur by non-enzymatic glycation and glucose autoxidation.
  13. S Stoynev,D Ahmed (2004). said that nonenzymatic glycosylation (glycation) of proteins is a multistage chemical process starting as a condensation reaction between reducing sugars and primary amino groups (mainly from the side chains of Lis and Arg) and ending up with formation of complex heterocyclic compounds called advanced glycation end products (AGEs).
  14. E Thomas,C Morey (2005). studied prolonged hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in diabetes result in the production and accumulation of AGEs.
  15. Eric Zhang,Peter Swaan (1999). Determination of membrane protein glycation in diabetic tissue.
  16. Tayyaba Zia,S Hasnain,S Hasan (2001). Evaluation of the oral hypoglycaemic effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (methi) in normal mice.

Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

Data Availability

Not applicable for this article.

Bilal Ahmed. 2014. \u201cComparative Analysis of Antiglycation Capacity of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Vegetables\u201d. Global Journal of Medical Research - B: Pharma, Drug Discovery, Toxicology & Medicine GJMR-B Volume 14 (GJMR Volume 14 Issue B6): .

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Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/gjmra

Print ISSN 0975-5888

e-ISSN 2249-4618

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December 1, 2014

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Glycation is a reaction between amino group of blood proteins and reducing sugars in vitro conditions which are involved in a number of pathologies and disease states including Alzheimer’s and diabetes. Equal concentration of different inhibitor extracts (sweet potato, turnip and methi) and glucose were used. Eight combinations of each extract were made and all these were placed at 37oC for five weeks incubation. Human normal plasma was used as a protein source. Glycation was analyzed by Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) technique which results that aqueous and methanol extracts of sweet potato and turnip showed no inhibition of nonenzymatic glycation but act as activator of reaction while aqueous extract of methi showed maximum inhibition of non-enzymatic glycation in 5th week of incubation and for methanol extract inhibition was maximum in 3rd week of incubation. In all extracts of three vegetables, extracts of methi were more effective against non-enzymatic glycation. These findings suggest that in future methi can be used for lowering glucose level in the body as it is efficient in lowering the glycation level in different conditions when level of glucose is high.

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Comparative Analysis of Antiglycation Capacity of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Vegetables

Bilal Ahmed
Bilal Ahmed Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad
Muhammad Wasim Ashraf
Muhammad Wasim Ashraf
Abdul Ghaffar
Abdul Ghaffar
Farah Latif
Farah Latif
Zahid Mahmood
Zahid Mahmood

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