Comparative Analysis of Friction Coefficient Evolution in Hydroelectric Dam Penstocks: Theoretical vs. Numerical Methods

1
Tchawe Tchawe Moukam
Tchawe Tchawe Moukam
2
Nkontchou Ngongang Francois
Nkontchou Ngongang Francois
3
Tientcheu Nsiewe Max-Well
Tientcheu Nsiewe Max-Well
4
Djiako Thomas
Djiako Thomas
5
Djeumako Bonaventure
Djeumako Bonaventure
6
Tcheukam-Toko Denis
Tcheukam-Toko Denis
7
Kenmeugne Bienvenu
Kenmeugne Bienvenu
1 University of Ngaoundere

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The objective of this study was to investigate the evolution of the friction coefficient throughout a full penstock using two different approaches. Two approaches were considered in order to assess their effectiveness in predicting head loss. A theoretical approach that based on direct determination using the commonly used Colebrook-While formula. A graphical approach that based on numerical modeling of the structure under study using Gambit 2.2 software. For the theoretical approach, the results show that whatever the other parameters set out in the Colebrook-White formula (Reynolds number, diameter and absolute roughness), only absolute roughness has a visible impact on the result obtained. For the numerical approach, the results obtained show that the friction coefficient is neither identical on the same wall, nor identical in the same portion. Nor is it identical in the same section of the pipe, as shown by the theoretical approach. This shows that head loss in a section of pipe can change over time.

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No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

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Not applicable for this article.

Tchawe Tchawe Moukam. 2026. \u201cComparative Analysis of Friction Coefficient Evolution in Hydroelectric Dam Penstocks: Theoretical vs. Numerical Methods\u201d. Global Journal of Research in Engineering - A : Mechanical & Mechanics GJRE-A Volume 24 (GJRE Volume 24 Issue A2): .

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Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/gjre

Print ISSN 0975-5861

e-ISSN 2249-4596

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January 6, 2025

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English

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The objective of this study was to investigate the evolution of the friction coefficient throughout a full penstock using two different approaches. Two approaches were considered in order to assess their effectiveness in predicting head loss. A theoretical approach that based on direct determination using the commonly used Colebrook-While formula. A graphical approach that based on numerical modeling of the structure under study using Gambit 2.2 software. For the theoretical approach, the results show that whatever the other parameters set out in the Colebrook-White formula (Reynolds number, diameter and absolute roughness), only absolute roughness has a visible impact on the result obtained. For the numerical approach, the results obtained show that the friction coefficient is neither identical on the same wall, nor identical in the same portion. Nor is it identical in the same section of the pipe, as shown by the theoretical approach. This shows that head loss in a section of pipe can change over time.

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Comparative Analysis of Friction Coefficient Evolution in Hydroelectric Dam Penstocks: Theoretical vs. Numerical Methods

Tchawe Tchawe Moukam
Tchawe Tchawe Moukam University of Ngaoundere
Nkontchou Ngongang Francois
Nkontchou Ngongang Francois
Tientcheu Nsiewe Max-Well
Tientcheu Nsiewe Max-Well
Djiako Thomas
Djiako Thomas
Djeumako Bonaventure
Djeumako Bonaventure
Tcheukam-Toko Denis
Tcheukam-Toko Denis
Kenmeugne Bienvenu
Kenmeugne Bienvenu

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