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Decline of the European Entrepreneurship in the Tea Plantation Industry: A Case – Study of the Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri District (1933 – 1960)

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Decline of the European Entrepreneurship in the Tea Plantation Industry: A Case – Study of the Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri District (1933 – 1960)

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Abstract

Tea plantation industry in India was originally initiated and developed by British enterprises. The management of the estates of various Sterling and British Rupee Public Limited tea companies were vested on the British Managing Agency Houses of Calcutta. They played an important role in converting either a personal lease or proprietary estate into a public limited company. In the tea plantations, the major collieries – commanding greater capital and larger mining rights – were joint – stock firms and 89 per cent of these were controlled by Europeans, mostly British, managing agencies. With the impact of 1930’s World – wide economic depression, the colonial firms fell from grace and made a hasty retreat from India. In this juncture, the European tea Companies were also affected by some acts which were implemented after the independence of India such as Minimum Wages Act (1947), Factory Act (1948), Plantation Labour Act (1951). This grave situation compelled the European planters to think whether they would retain their business in India or not? As a result the European tea companies began to shift their business in South Africa, Uganda, and Rhodesia after selling their gardens to the native Indians. Thus an attempt have been made here to draw a pen – picture on the decline of European entrepreneurship of the tea plantation industry in the tea growing areas of Bengal such as Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling districts.

References

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Funding

No external funding was declared for this work.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

No ethics committee approval was required for this article type.

Data Availability

Not applicable for this article.

How to Cite This Article

Kalidas Roy, Supam Biswas. 2014. "Decline of the European Entrepreneurship in the Tea Plantation Industry: A Case – Study of the Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri District (1933 – 1960)". Global Journal of Human-Social Science - D: History, Archaeology & Anthropology GJHSS-D Volume 14 (GJHSS Volume 14 Issue 32 (D4)).

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Journal Specifications

Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJHSS

Print ISSN 0975-587X

e-ISSN 2249-460X

Keywords
Classification
GJHSS-D Classification FOR Code: 150304
210108
Version of record
v1.2

Issue date
June 25, 2014

Language
English
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Decline of the European Entrepreneurship in the Tea Plantation Industry: A Case – Study of the Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri District (1933 – 1960)

Kalidas Roy
Kalidas Roy