Depleting Water Resources of Indian Punjab Agriculture and Policy Options-A Lesson for High Potential Areas

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Dr. Joginder Singh
Dr. Joginder Singh Ph. D (Agricultural Economics)

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During the past half century, the Punjab State achieved exemplary growth in food-grain production. The fast shift in area from traditional diversified crops to monoculture of rice-wheat system was driven by forces such as price policy, technological change, market infrastructure and low cost of irrigation. But due to over exploitation of water resource, the sustainability of existing crop systems is becoming doubtful, creating critical second generation problem. This requires separate treatments in three distinct agro-climatic regions of the state. The semi-hilly tracts, comprising about 10% area, requires check dams against fast water run-off, cultivation across the slope and crops using less water such as maize, groundnut, pulses etc. The potential cotton belt, forming one-fourth area, has brackish groundwater which needs to be used in conjunction with canal water; and the paddy crop in the area should be strictly discouraged. The fast receding water table in the central food security belt of the country is attributed to spreading rice cultivation. This demands policies of suitable water pricing; setting up tension-meters to monitor water requirements; laser leveling fields; keeping plot size smaller; genetic improvement of rice by developing short duration and late sown varieties; direct seeding of rice; encouraging sprinkler and drip irrigation; mulching with abundant quantities of crop residues and various other such agronomic practices.

11 Cites in Articles

References

  1. Batta Nidhi (2007). Judicious Use of water Resources.
  2. Mehraj U Din Dar,J Singh,Kuldip Singh (1995). SIMULATION OF NITROGEN BALANCE UNDER SUB-SURFACE DRAINAGE CONDITIONS AT THEHRI MUKTSAR PUNJAB, USING THE DNDC MODEL V. 9.5.
  3. S Prihar (1993). Water Resources of Punjab.
  4. G Hira,K Khaira (2000). Water Resource Management in Punjab under Rice-Wheat Production System.
  5. Kumar (2005). The comments on the Manuscript 'Hydrology and Water Resources Management in Ancient India' by Pushpendra Kumar Singh et al..
  6. Naas (2011). Groundwater level falls in Punjab, Haryana due to over-use.
  7. Chander Parveen,Chauhan Rajiv,J Jha,Kumar Rajesh (2019). GEOTECHNICAL ASSESSMENT THROUGH STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DISTRICT BATHINDA, PUNJAB, INDIA.
  8. Sukhwinder Kaur,Sukhvinder Singh (1997). HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIAN PUNJAB: EVALUATING ITS STATUS AND KEY ISSUES.
  9. Pragya Mishra,Nisha Singh,Ajay Jain,Neha Jain,Vagish Mishra,Kiran Sandhya,Nagendra Singh,Vandna Rai (2004). Identification of cis-regulatory elements associated with salinity and drought stress tolerance in rice from co-expressed gene interaction networks.
  10. Michelle Castillo-Quimbo,Cezar Mamaril (2001). Organic Fertilizer Efficacy and Financial Viability in Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Production.
  11. T Singla (1960). conservatism 105; referendum 103, tactility 7, 40, 104, 121–22; haptic space 106; separation 99; sovereignty 49, 110–11; interactive 10; association 105–6; speech of de interface 8; telephasis 89, 94 Gaulle 100; see also gaps in television 2, 7, 41, 54, 56–7, 63, 67, historical experience 87, 92, 122; écriture télévisuelle 43; tv object 93; in France 45–7; signals racism 108–9 48; primal time 53; Société nationale Régie française de publicité (RFP) 46 de télévision de la première chaîne reification 112–15; and contemplative (TF1) 44; tele-vision 87 attitude 115 theatre 83, 120; electric 101 reversibility 94–5 transinteractivity 11–12 Rome 4, 13 translation 118–20; and table of conversions 25–6 tribalism 4, 19, 41, 102; Africa 93, 108; schizophrenia 49, 112; and Afro-Americans 108–9; as archaic postmodernity 65 thought 107; like the Beatles 5, 103; science fiction 79, 121 different 106; drum 107–8; ear 107; semioclasty 75 exotic 106–7; electric 116; French semiologue 75 Canadian 5, 92; good savage 110; semiotrophy 76 and hippies 100, 106; liberalism 103; semiurgy 8, 64, 69–73, 76, 81, 86; and Native Americans 108–9; New Age artistic strategy 36, 74; as 109; retribalize 4, 116; savages 100; manipulation of signs 66; and territorialization 105 massage 8, 64, 68–9, 72; and metallurgy 71; pan-sémie 73; radical 65–8; media 68; -urgies/-logies 74 University of Nottingham 40 silent majorities 3 University of Toronto 8, 16, 34; simulacra 67, 85, 99, 112; simulacrum McLuhan Program in Culture and 3, 91; hyperreality 67, 70, 100; Technology 9, 11 orders 90–1, 112–13, 115 Situationist 83, 114 Virtual Reality Artists’ Access Program space studies 110–11; acoustic space (VRAAP) 10 7, 40, 51 virtual technology 71; and tactility 11 spectacle 12, 83 structuralism 18–20, 22, 25–6, 31, 25, war 3–4, 16–17, 26, 101; speed and 75; McLuhan as amateur implosion 95–7 structuralist 22; poststructuralism 38, 48 style 22–5 x-ray 26; see also figure and ground surfing 9 surrealism 58 year 2000 99, 103; see also pataphysics symbolic exchange 78–80, 85–6, York University 40 109–10, 112.

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Dr. Joginder Singh. 2013. \u201cDepleting Water Resources of Indian Punjab Agriculture and Policy Options-A Lesson for High Potential Areas\u201d. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research - D: Agriculture & Veterinary GJSFR-D Volume 13 (GJSFR Volume 13 Issue D4): .

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GJSFR Volume 13 Issue D4
Pg. 17- 23
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Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/GJSFR

Print ISSN 0975-5896

e-ISSN 2249-4626

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May 18, 2013

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During the past half century, the Punjab State achieved exemplary growth in food-grain production. The fast shift in area from traditional diversified crops to monoculture of rice-wheat system was driven by forces such as price policy, technological change, market infrastructure and low cost of irrigation. But due to over exploitation of water resource, the sustainability of existing crop systems is becoming doubtful, creating critical second generation problem. This requires separate treatments in three distinct agro-climatic regions of the state. The semi-hilly tracts, comprising about 10% area, requires check dams against fast water run-off, cultivation across the slope and crops using less water such as maize, groundnut, pulses etc. The potential cotton belt, forming one-fourth area, has brackish groundwater which needs to be used in conjunction with canal water; and the paddy crop in the area should be strictly discouraged. The fast receding water table in the central food security belt of the country is attributed to spreading rice cultivation. This demands policies of suitable water pricing; setting up tension-meters to monitor water requirements; laser leveling fields; keeping plot size smaller; genetic improvement of rice by developing short duration and late sown varieties; direct seeding of rice; encouraging sprinkler and drip irrigation; mulching with abundant quantities of crop residues and various other such agronomic practices.

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Depleting Water Resources of Indian Punjab Agriculture and Policy Options-A Lesson for High Potential Areas

Dr. Joginder Singh
Dr. Joginder Singh

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