Neural Networks and Rules-based Systems used to Find Rational and Scientific Correlations between being Here and Now with Afterlife Conditions
February 17, 2026
Neural Networks and Rules-based Systems used to Find Rational and
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Nnaemeka Churchill Okoro
Microstrip antennas are the most common antennas widely implemented in different communication systems due to its small size, low profile and conformity to planar and non-planar surfaces. In this research work, the design and simulation of an innovative single element insetfed Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna (RMPA) for X-band application is presented. The proposed design used an operating frequency of 10 GHz, a Rogers RO4350 (tw) substrate with dielectric constant of 3.66, and a substrate height of 31 ml. The antenna performance characteristics such as return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, directivity, beam width and radiation efficiency were obtained in the simulation. The simulation results showed that the designed antenna resonated at 10 GHz, with a return loss of -19.61 dB, bandwidth of 226.2MHz, VSWR of 1.82, gain of 6.58 dBi, directivity of 6.83 dBi, a wider beam width of 115.2o, and an antenna efficiency of 94.2%. The novel designed antenna can be embedded in wireless devices for commercial WLAN and WiMAX applications and also for onboarding on radar and satellite wireless communication systems for various surveillance and communication purposes.
Nnaemeka Churchill Okoro. 2021. \u201cDesign and Simulation of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for X-Band Application\u201d. Global Journal of Research in Engineering - F: Electrical & Electronic GJRE-F Volume 21 (GJRE Volume 21 Issue F3): .
Crossref Journal DOI 10.17406/gjre
Print ISSN 0975-5861
e-ISSN 2249-4596
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Neural Networks and Rules-based Systems used to Find Rational and
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Microstrip antennas are the most common antennas widely implemented in different communication systems due to its small size, low profile and conformity to planar and non-planar surfaces. In this research work, the design and simulation of an innovative single element insetfed Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna (RMPA) for X-band application is presented. The proposed design used an operating frequency of 10 GHz, a Rogers RO4350 (tw) substrate with dielectric constant of 3.66, and a substrate height of 31 ml. The antenna performance characteristics such as return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, directivity, beam width and radiation efficiency were obtained in the simulation. The simulation results showed that the designed antenna resonated at 10 GHz, with a return loss of -19.61 dB, bandwidth of 226.2MHz, VSWR of 1.82, gain of 6.58 dBi, directivity of 6.83 dBi, a wider beam width of 115.2o, and an antenna efficiency of 94.2%. The novel designed antenna can be embedded in wireless devices for commercial WLAN and WiMAX applications and also for onboarding on radar and satellite wireless communication systems for various surveillance and communication purposes.
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