Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Trace Elements among Residents in Khartoum State, Sudan
Background: Hundreds of thousands around the world die from a disease caused by smoking cigarettes. A number of researches indicated that smoking has numerous immediate health effects on the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, immune, and metabolic systems. Lung cancer, other cancer, heart disease, and stroke typically do not occur until years after Persons first cigarette. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown an association between the toxin in the cigarette and coronary heart disease (CHD). Cigarette smoking had a dangerous effect on the essential biochemical mechanisms on the human body. Objective: This research were conducted to determine the direct effects of cigarette smoking on some minerals (Mg2+, Fe2+ & Zn2+) and to bridge the gap of information. Material and Methods: Study design is a Prospective, laboratory-based analytical study, which was used to measure Mg2+, Fe2+ & Zn2+ in cigarette smokers in the period from March to June 2019. This study was conducted in Khartoum state at Bahry and Alkalakla localities.
